Thrombocytopenia causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Thrombocytopenia}}
{{Thrombocytopenia}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}, [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/User:Farbod_Zahedi_Tajrishi <nowiki>Farbod Zahedi Tajrishi, M.D. [2]</nowiki>]


{{CMG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
There are two broad mechanisms for the causes of thrombocytopenia: Reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Thrombocytopenia is seen in a variety of infectious and genetic disorders as well as a side effect of a large list of medications.
There are two broad mechanisms for the causes of thrombocytopenia: Reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Thrombocytopenia is seen in a variety of infectious and genetic disorders as well as a side effect of a large list of medications.
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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
* [[HELLP syndrome]]


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
* [[Abruptio placentae]]<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Bone marrow suppression]] ([[chemotherapy]], [[irradiation]])
* [[coronary artery bypass surgery|Cardica bypass]]<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Alcoholism|Chronic alcohol use]]
* [[Chronic liver disease]]<ref name="pmid24267279">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg EM, Kaled ES| title=Thrombocytopenia. | journal=Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 427-34, v | pmid=24267279 | doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2013.08.003 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24267279  }} </ref>
* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]]<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Congenital|Congenital thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Connective tissue disorders]] (eg [[SLE]], [[RA]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]])<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]<ref name="pmid24267279">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg EM, Kaled ES| title=Thrombocytopenia. | journal=Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 427-34, v | pmid=24267279 | doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2013.08.003 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24267279  }} </ref>
* [[GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor]]<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
* [[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Immune thrombocytopenic purpura]]<ref name="pmid24397048">{{cite journal| author=Farid J, Gul N, Qureshi WU, Idris M| title=Clinical presentations in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. | journal=J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad | year= 2012 | volume= 24 | issue= 2 | pages= 39-40 | pmid=24397048 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24397048  }} </ref>
*[[Infections]]<ref name="pmid24267279">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg EM, Kaled ES| title=Thrombocytopenia. | journal=Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 427-34, v | pmid=24267279 | doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2013.08.003 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24267279  }} </ref>
* [[Macrophage-activation syndrome]]<ref name="pmid23233580">{{cite journal| author=Stasi R| title=How to approach thrombocytopenia. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 191-7 | pmid=23233580 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23233580  }} </ref>
* [[Medication]]s<ref name="pmid24267279">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg EM, Kaled ES| title=Thrombocytopenia. | journal=Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 427-34, v | pmid=24267279 | doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2013.08.003 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24267279  }} </ref>
* [[Preeclampsia]]
* [[Pregnancy]]<ref name="pmid23730013">{{cite journal| author=Nisha S, Amita D, Uma S, Tripathi AK, Pushplata S| title=Prevalence and characterization of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy in Indian women. | journal=Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus | year= 2012 | volume= 28 | issue= 2 | pages= 77-81 | pmid=23730013 | doi=10.1007/s12288-011-0107-x | pmc=PMC3332269 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23730013  }} </ref>
* [[Artifact|Pseudothrombocytopenia]]
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]<ref name="pmid24396345">{{cite journal| author=Abdel Karim N, Haider S, Siegrist C, Ahmad N, Zarzour A, Ying J et al.| title=Approach to management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura at university of cincinnati. | journal=Adv Hematol | year= 2013 | volume= 2013 | issue=  | pages= 195746 | pmid=24396345 | doi=10.1155/2013/195746 | pmc=PMC3876823 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24396345  }} </ref>


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[endocarditis]], [[pulmonary embolism]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Strontium-89]],[[zinc]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Elejalde syndrome]], [[Griscelli syndrome|Griscelli syndrome type 1]], [[neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease]], [[post-transfusion purpura]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]], [[albendazole]], [[alemtuzumab]], [[altretamine]], [[amiodarone]], [[Amoxicillin]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[amsacrine]], [[anagrelide]], [[anazolene]], [[anti-thymocyte globulin]], [[ardeparin]], [[Asenapine maleate]], [[Aspirin]], [[azathioprine]], [[Azacitidine]], [[Aztreonam]], [[bendamustine]], [[benoxaprofen]], [[Beractant]], [[bevacizumab]], [[Boceprevir]], [[bortezomib]], [[bosutinib]], [[brentuximab vedotin]], [[cabazitaxel]],  [[Cabozantinib]], [[capecitabine]], [[captopril]], [[carboplatin]], [[carfilzomib]], [[carmustine]], [[caspofungin]], [[Cefadroxil]], [[Cefepime]], [[Cefotaxime sodium]], [[Ceftazidime]],  [[Cefaclor]], [[Certolizumab pegol]], [[Chlorpropamide]] , [[chlorambucil]], [[chloramphenicol]],[[clofarabine]],  [[Cidofovir]], [[cilazapril]], [[cimetidine]], [[cisplatin]], [[cladribine]], [[Clemastine]], [[clofarabine]], [[Clobazam]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[cytosine arabinoside]], [[dacarbazine]], [[Dactinomycin]], [[dasatinib]], [[daunorubicin]], [[decitabine]], [[deferasirox]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dexchlorpheniramine]], [[Dexrazoxane]], [[Dextran]] [[Didanosine]], [[diflunisal]], [[docetaxel]], [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]], [[doxycycline]], [[Rifampin]] [[platelet|drug-induced thrombocytopenia]], [[efalizumab]], [[eflornithine]], [[Eltrombopag]], [[enoxaparin]], [[Epirubicin hydrochloride]], [[eptifibatide]], [[Eribulin]], [[Ethambutol]], [[Ethacrynic Acid]], [[etoposide]], [[everolimus]], [[febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]], [[Filgastrim]], [[flucytosine]], [[fludarabine]], [[fluorouracil]], [[fondaparinux]], [[foscarnet]], [[ganciclovir]], [[gemcitabine]], [[gemtuzumab ozogamicin]], [[glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors]], [[gold salts]], [[guanidinium]], [[Guanidine]], [[haem arginate]], [[heparin]], [[Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen]], [[hydroxycarbamide]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[Hydroxyurea (patient information)]], [[ibitumomab tiuxetan]], [[ibuprofen lysine]], [[ibrutinib]], [[idarubicin]], [[ifosfamide]], [[imatinib mesylate]], [[Indinavir]], [[indomethacin]], [[integrilin]], [[interferon alpha]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Imipenem-Cilastatin]],[[Interferon beta- 1a]],  [[Interferon gamma]], [[interleukin 10]], [[interleukin 2]], [[irinotecan hydrochloride]], [[Isoniazid]], [[isotretinoin]], [[ixabepilone]], [[Lapatinib]],[[lenalidomide]], [[Letrozole]], [[linezolid]], [[lomustine]], [[low molecular weight heparin]]s, [[Loxapine]], [[melphalan]], [[mercaptopurine]], [[Meropenem]], [[methimazole]], [[methotrexate]], [[methyldopa]], [[methyldopate]], [[methylphenidate]], [[micafungin sodium]], [[Milnacipran hydrochloride]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[miltefosine]], [[mithramycin]], [[mitomycin]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[MMR vaccine]], [[montelukast]], [[nabumetone]], [[nelarabine]], [[niacin]], [[nilotinib]], [[nitisinone]], [[Nizatidine]], [[obinutuzumab]], [[Ofatumumab]], [[Omacetaxine]], [[omacetaxine mepesuccinate]], [[Olsalazine]], [[oxaliplatin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxytetracycline]], [[paclitaxel]], [[Palbociclib]], [[panobinostat]], [[para-amino salicylic acid]], [[pazopanib]], [[Pegademase]], [[Peginterferon Beta-1a]],[[pemetrexed]], [[penicillamine]], [[pentamidine Isethionate]], [[pentostatin]],  [[phenylbutazone]], [[phenytoin]], [[Pergolide]], [[Pertuzumab]], [[pixantrone]], [[Plerixafor]], [[pomalidomide]], [[ponatinib]], [[pralatrexate]], [[pramipexole]], [[procarbazine]], [[promethazine]], [[proton pump inhibitors]], [[pyrimethamine]], [[quinidine]], [[quinine]], [[Rabeprazole]], [[Radium chloride]], [[raltitrexed]], [[ranitidine]], [[regorafenib]], [[reoPro]], [[repaglinide]], [[rifampicin]], [[Ritonavir]], [[rituximab]], [[romidepsin]], [[Romiplostim]], [[ruxolitinib]], [[Siltuximab]], [[sirolimus]], [[Sodium aurothiomalate]], [[sorafenib]], [[stiripentol]], [[Streptozocin]], [[Sulfacetamide]], [[Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral)]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulindac]], [[sulfonamides]], [[sunitinib malate]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Tacrolimus]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[temozolomide]], [[temsirolimus]], [[teniposide]], [[thalidomide]], [[thioguanine]], [[thiotepa]], [[Thiothixene]], [[Tiagabine]], [[ticlopidine]], [[tinzaparin]], [[tirofiban]],  [[tocilizumab]], [[topotecan]], [[Tolmetin]], [[Tolazamide]], [[Toremifene]], [[tositumomab iodine-131]], [[trabectedin]], [[Trimethadione]], [[trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]], [[tolbutamide]], [[valganciclovir]], [[valproic acid]], [[vancomycin]], [[Vinblastine]], [[Vincristine sulfate liposome]] [[vinflunine]], [[vinorelbine]], [[vorinostat]], [[ziv-aflibercept]], [[zonisamide]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alport syndrome]], [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]], [[Epstein's syndrome]], [[Fechtner syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[aminoaciduria|Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2]], [[liver failure]], [[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type b]], [[portal hypertension]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome]], [[Alport syndrome]], [[Chediak-Higashi disease]], [[factor H|complement factor H deficiency]], [[Elejalde syndrome]], [[Fanconi anaemia]], [[Fechtner syndrome]], [[Griscelli syndrome|Griscelli syndrome type 1]], [[holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[iminodipeptiduria]], [[Jacobsen syndrome]], [[MELAS]], [[neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease]], [[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type b]], [[Omenn syndrome]], [[Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[TAR syndrome]], [[TAR syndrome|Thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome]], [[Von Willebrand disease|Von Willebrand disease, platelet type]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]], [[X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia]], [[aplastic anemia]], [[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]], [[thrombocytopenia|congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT)]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[Epstein's syndrome]], [[familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[Gasser syndrome]], [[GATA1|GATA1-related cytopenia]], [[Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]], [[grey platelet syndrome]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[histiocytosis X]], [[hypersplenism]], [[idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Jacobsen syndrome]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[May-Hegglin anomaly]], [[Moschcowitz syndrome]], [[myelodysplastic syndrome]], [[myelofibrosis]], [[neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia]], [[pancytopenia]], [[Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[post-transfusion purpura]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[TAR syndrome|radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome]], [[Sebastian platelet syndrome]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Von Willebrand disease|Von Willebrand disease, platelet type]], [[Werlhof disease]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[coronary artery bypass surgery|Cardiac bypass]], [[chemotherapy]], [[intra-aortic balloon pump|intra-aortic balloon pump placement]], [[blood transfusion|massive blood transfusion]], [[radiation therapy]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital syphilis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[Dengue fever]], [[ehrlichiosis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[hantavirus]], [[hepatitis C]], [[HIV]], [[human granulocytic ehrlichiosis]], [[ehrlichiosis|human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis]], [[infections]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], [[lassa fever]], [[leptospirosis]], [[malaria]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[mycoplasma pneumonia]], [[relapsing fever|Oklahoma tick fever]], [[parvovirus]], [[Q fever]], [[rubella]], [[septicaemia]], [[tick-borne encephalitis]], [[toxic shock syndrome|toxic shock syndrome (staphylococcal)]], [[varicella]], [[visceral leishmaniasis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]], [[cholesterol embolism]], [[TAR syndrome|radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome]], [[TAR syndrome]], [[TAR syndrome|thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome]], [[Jacobsen syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[aminoaciduria|Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2]], [[folate deficiency]], [[Gaucher disease]], [[holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]], [[iminodipeptiduria]], [[iron deficiency]], [[isovaleric acidaemia]], [[methylmalonic aciduria|methylmalonic aciduria type 2]], [[CD36|platelet glycoprotein 4 deficiency]], [[platelet glycoprotein Ib deficiency]], [[prolidase deficiency]], [[propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]], [[sea blue histiocytosis]], [[sitosterolemia]], [[vitamin B12 deficiency]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Eclampsia]], [[HELLP syndrome]], [[pre-eclampsia]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]], [[acute myeloid leukemia]], [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]], [[chronic myeloid leukaemia]], [[hairy cell leukaemia]], [[hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]], [[histiocytosis X]], [[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]], [[lymphoma]], [[myeloma]], [[Non-Hodgkins lymphoma]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alcohol]], [[arsenic trioxide]], [[ethanol]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type b]], [[pulmonary embolism]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alport syndrome]], [[cholesterol embolism]], [[aminoaciduria|Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2]], [[Epstein's syndrome]], [[Fechtner syndrome]], [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Anticardiolipin syndrome]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1]], [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2]], [[factor H|complement factor H deficiency]], [[Evans syndrome]], [[immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked]], [[macrophage-activation syndrome]], [[neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia]], [[Omenn syndrome]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]], [[X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Snakebites]]
|-
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
===Decreased production===
*[[5-azacytidine]]
 
*[[Abciximab]]
====Vitamin deficiencies====
*[[Aclarubicin]]
*[[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
*[[Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia]]  
*[[Folic acid]] deficiency
*[[Actinomycin D]]
*[[Iron deficiency]]
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]  
 
====Hematologic disorders====
*[[Pancytopenia]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
*[[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]
*[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]]
*[[Aflibercept]]
*[[Aggrastat]]
*[[Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome]]
*[[Albendazole]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alport syndrome]]
*[[Altretamine]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amoxicillin]]
*[[Amphotericin B]]
*[[Amrinone]]
*[[Amsacrine]]
*[[Anagrelide]]
*[[Anazolene]]
*[[Anticardiolipin syndrome]]
*[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]
*[[Anti-thymocyte globulin]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Ardeparin]]
*[[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]]
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2]]
*[[Azathioprine]]
*[[Aztreonam]]
*[[Bendamustine]]
*[[Benoxaprofen]]
*[[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Boceprevir]]
*[[Bortezomib]]
*[[Bosutinib]]
*[[Brentuximab vedotin]]
*[[Cabazitaxel]]
*[[Capecitabine]]
*[[Captopril]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[coronary artery bypass surgery|Cardiac bypass]]
*[[Carfilzomib]]
*[[Carmustine]]
*[[Caspofungin]]
*[[Cefadroxil]]
*[[Cefepime]]
*[[Cefotaxime sodium]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
*[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
*[[Chemotherapy]]
*[[Chlorambucil]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Cholesterol embolism]]
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Cilazapril]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Cladribine]]
*[[Clofarabine]]
*[[factor H|Complement factor H deficiency]]
*[[thrombocytopenia|Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT)]] 
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]]
*[[Dacarbazine]]
*[[Dasatinib]]
*[[Daunorubicin]]
*[[Decitabine]]
*[[Dengue fever]]
*[[Desferrioxamine]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[aminoaciduria|Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2]]
*[[Didanosine]]
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]]
*[[platelet|Drug-induced thrombocytopenia]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Eclampsia]]
*[[Efalizumab]]
*[[Eflornithine]]
*[[Ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Elejalde syndrome]]
*[[Endocarditis]]
*[[Enoxaparin]]
*[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]]
*[[Epstein's syndrome]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
*[[Eptifibatide]]
*[[Eribulin]]
*[[Ethanol]]
*[[Etoposide]]
*[[Evans syndrome]]
*[[Everolimus]]
*[[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Fanconi anaemia]]
*[[Fechtner syndrome]]
*[[Filgastrim]]
*[[Flucytosine]]
*[[Fludarabine]]
*[[Fluorouracil]]
*[[Folate deficiency]]
*[[Fondaparinux]]
*[[Foscarnet]]
*[[Ganciclovir]]
*[[Gasser syndrome]]
*[[GATA1|GATA1-related cytopenia]]
*[[Gaucher disease]]
*[[Gemcitabine]]
*[[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]]
*[[Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]]
*[[Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors]]
*[[Gold salts]]
*[[Grey platelet syndrome]]
*[[Griscelli syndrome|Griscelli syndrome type 1]]
*[[Guanidinium]]
*[[Haem arginate]]
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]
*[[Myeloma]]
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
*[[Myelofibrosis]]
====Reduced thrombopoiesis due to reduced thrombopoietin production====
*Decreased production of [[thrombopoietin]] by the [[liver]] in [[liver failure]].
====Infectious etiologies====
*[[Sepsis]], systemic [[viral]] or [[bacterial infection]]
*[[Dengue fever]] can cause thrombocytopenia by direct infection of [[bone marrow]] [[megakaryocytes]] as well as immunological shortened [[platelet]] survival
*Protozoa and protozoal conditions
*Visceral [[leishmaniasis]]
*Human granulocytic [[ehrlichiosis]]
*Human monocytotropic [[ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Mycoplasma pneumonia]]
*Staphylococcal [[toxic shock syndrome]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
*[[Hantavirus]]
*[[Hantavirus]]
*[[HIV-1]] disease
*[[HELLP syndrome]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[Heparin]]
*[[Hepatitis C]]
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]
*[[Histiocytosis X]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]
*[[Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis]]
*[[ehrlichiosis|Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Hydroxycarbamide]]
*[[Hydroxyurea (patient information)]]
*[[Hypersplenism]]
*[[Ibritumomab tiuxetan]]
*[[Ibrutinib]]
*[[Ibuprofen lysine]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Imatinib mesylate]]
*[[Iminodipeptiduria]]
*[[Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked]]
*[[Indinavir]]
*[[Indomethacin]]
*[[Infections]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Integrilin]]
*[[Interferon alpha]]
*[[Interferon gamma]]
*[[Interleukin 10]]
*[[Interleukin 2]]
*[[intra-aortic balloon pump|Intra-aortic balloon pump placement]]
*[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
*[[Iron deficiency]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Isotretinoin]]
*[[Isovaleric acidaemia]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Jacobsen syndrome]]
*[[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Lenalidomide]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Linezolid]]
*[[Liver failure]]
*[[Lomustine]]
*[[Low molecular weight heparin]]s
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Macrophage-activation syndrome]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Massive blood transfusion]]
*[[May-Hegglin anomaly]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[MELAS]]
*[[Melphalan]]
*[[Mercaptopurine]]
*[[Methotrexate]]
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Methyldopate]]
*[[methylmalonic aciduria|Methylmalonic aciduria type 2]]
*[[Methylphenidate]]
*[[Micafungin sodium]]
*[[Milnacipran hydrochloride]]
*[[Mithramycin]]
*[[Mitomycin C]]
*[[Mitoxantrone]]
*[[MMR vaccine]]
*[[Montelukast]]
*[[Moschcowitz syndrome]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Mumps]]
*Oklahoma tick fever
*[[Mycoplasma pneumonia]]  
*[[Rubella]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
*Severe [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Myelofibrosis]]
*Tick born encephalitis
*[[Myeloma]]
 
*[[Nelarabine]]  
====Intrauterine acquired conditions====
*[[Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia]]  
*Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
*[[Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease]]
*[[Rubella]], congenital
*[[Niacin]]
*[[Syphilis]], congenital
*[[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type b]]
 
*[[Nilotinib]]
====Hereditary syndromes====
*[[Nitisinone]]
*Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia (CAMT)
*[[Non-Hodgkins lymphoma]]
*[[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]], associated with large platelets
*[[Obinutuzumab]]
*[[May-Hegglin]] anomaly, the combination of thrombocytopenia, pale-blue leuckocyte inclusions, and giant platelets
*[[relapsing fever|Oklahoma tick fever]]  
*[[Grey platelet syndrome]]
*[[Omacetaxine mepesuccinate]]  
*[[Alport syndrome]]
 
=====Chromosomal abnormalities=====
*[[Jacobsen syndrome]]
 
=====Mendelian inherited conditions=====
*Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
*Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2
*Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome or [[Thrombocytopenia absent radius]] syndrome
*[[von Willebrand disease]], platelet type
 
=====Autosomal dominant conditions=====
*Arias oculootoradial syndrome
*Complement [[factor H|factor H deficiency]]
*[[Fechtner syndrome]]
*[[May-Hegglin anomaly]]
*Platelet glycoprotein 4 deficiency
*[[Sebastian platelet syndrome]]
 
=====Autosomal recessive conditions=====
*[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
*Dibasic [[aminoaciduria]] type 2
*Familial [[histiocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Fanconi anaemia]]
*[[Folate]] malabsorption hereditary
*[[Gaucher disease]]
*[[Griscelli syndrome]] type 1
*[[Histiocytosis X]]
*[[Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency]]
*[[Iminodipeptiduria]]
*[[Isovaleric acidaemia]]
*[[Methylmalonic aciduria]] type 2
*Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]] type B
*[[Omenn syndrome]]
*[[Omenn syndrome]]
*[[Oxaliplatin]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[Paclitaxel]]
*[[Palbociclib]]
*[[Pancytopenia]]
*[[Panobinostat]]
*[[Para-amino salicylic acid]]
*[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]
*[[Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
*[[Parvovirus]]
*[[Pazopanib]]
*[[Peginterferon Beta-1a]]
*[[Pemetrexed]]
*[[Penicillamine]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pentostatin]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Phenytoin]]
*[[Pixantrone]]
*[[CD36|Platelet glycoprotein 4 deficiency]]
*[[Platelet glycoprotein Ib deficiency]]
*[[Platelet glycoprotein Ib deficiency]]
*[[Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]] PCCA type
*[[Plerixafor]]
*[[Pomalidomide]]
*[[Ponatinib]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Post-transfusion purpura]]
*[[Pralatrexate]]
*[[Pre-eclampsia]]
*[[Procarbazine]]
*[[Prolidase deficiency]]
*[[Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]]
*[[Proton pump inhibitors]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pyrimethamine]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[TAR syndrome|Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Radiation therapy]]
*[[Radium chloride]]
*[[Raltitrexed]]
*[[Ranitidine]]
*[[Regorafenib]]
*[[ReoPro]]
*[[Rifampicin]]
*[[Rituximab]]
*[[Romidepsin]]
*[[Rubella]]
*[[Ruxolitinib]]
*[[Sea blue histiocytosis]]
*[[Sea blue histiocytosis]]
*[[Sebastian platelet syndrome]]
*[[Septicaemia]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
 
*[[Siltuximab]]
=====X-linked inherited conditions=====
*[[Sirolimus]]
*GATA1-related cytopenia
*[[Sitosterolemia]]
*Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sorafenib]]
*[[Stiripentol]]
*[[Streptozocin]]
*[[Strontium-89]]
*[[Sulfasalazine]]
*[[Sulfonamides]]
*[[Sunitinib malate]]
*[[Congenital syphilis]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tamoxifen]]
*[[TAR syndrome]]
*[[Temozolomide]]
*[[Temsirolimus]]
*[[Teniposide]]
*[[Thioguanine]]
*[[Thiotepa]]
*[[thrombocytopenia absent radius|Thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
*[[Ticlopidine]]
*[[Tinzaparin]]
*[[Tirofiban]]
*[[Topotecan]]
*[[Tositumomab iodine-131]]
*[[toxic shock syndrome|Toxic shock syndrome (staphylococcal)]]
*[[Trabectedin]]
*[[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
*[[Valganciclovir]]
*[[Valproic acid]]
*[[Vancomycin]]
*[[Varicella]]
*[[Vinflunine]]
*[[Vinorelbine]]
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
*[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
*[[von Willebrand disease|Von willebrand disease, platelet type]]
*[[Vorinostat]]
*[[Werlhof disease]]
*[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
*[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
*X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
*[[X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome]]
*Mitochondrial genome inherited conditions
*[[Zinc]]
*[[MELAS]]
*[[Ziv-aflibercept]]
{{col-end}}


===Chemical exposure===
==References==
* Strontium-89
{{Reflist|2}}
* Zinc
----
 
===Increased destruction===
====Hematologic Disorders====
*[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (ITP)
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (TTP)
*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]] (HUS)
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] (DIC)
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] (PNH)
*[[Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia]] (NAITP)
*Following [[transfusion]] or post transfusion alloimmune thrombocytopenia
*[[Evans syndrome]]
*Macrophage activation syndrome
 
====Cardiovascular causes====
*[[Cholesterol embolism]]
*Intraaortic balloon pump placement
*[[Endocarditis]]
 
====Obstetric disorders====
*[[Eclampsia]]
*[[HELLP syndrome]]
*[[Pre-eclampsia]]
 
====Autoimmunde Disorders====
*[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)
*post [[transfusion]] [[purpura]]
 
====Infectious Disorders====
*[[Dengue fever]] has been shown to cause shortened platelet survival and immunological platelet destruction
*HIV [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268960X01901882]


====Other disorders====
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
*Splenic sequestration of platelets due to [[hypersplenism]]
[[Category:Hematology]]


==Medication-induced==
{{WH}}
Thrombocytopenia associated with medications can be due to either a reduction in production of platelets or increased destruction.
{{WS}}
=====List of potential etiologies:=====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
 
[[Low molecular weight heparin]]s
 
Sulphonamides
 
Drugs, hormones and mediators
 
[[5-Azacytidine]]
 
[[Abciximab]]
 
Aclarubicin
 
[[Actinomycin D]]
 
[[Aggrastat]]
 
[[Albendazole]]
 
[[Alemtuzumab]]
 
[[Altretamine]]
 
[[Amiodarone]]
 
[[Amrinone]]
 
[[Anagrelide]]
 
Anazolene
 
Antithymocyte globulin
 
[[Ardeparin]]
 
[[Arsenic]] trioxide
 
[[Azathioprine]]
 
[[Bendamustine]]
 
[[Benoxaprofen]]
 
[[Bortezomib]]
 
[[Captopril]]
 
[[Caspofungin]]
 
[[Chloramphenicol]]
 
[[Cilazapril]]
 
[[Cimetidine]]
 
[[Cladribine]]
 
[[Clofarabine]]
 
[[Dasatinib]]
 
[[Decitabine]]
 
[[Desferrioxamine]]
 
[[Doxorubicin]]
 
[[Efalizumab]]
 
{{col-break}}
 
[[Eflornithine]]
 
[[Epirubicin]]
 
[[Eptifibatide]]
 
[[Ethanol]]
 
[[Flucytosine]]
 
[[Fondaparinux]]
 
[[Ganciclovir]]
 
[[Gemcitabine]]
 
[[Gemtuzumab ozogamicin]]
 
[[Gold salts]]
 
Guanidinium
 
Haem arginate
 
[[Heparin]]
 
[[Ibritumomab tiuxetan]]
 
[[Idarubicin]]
 
[[Imatinib mesylate]]
 
[[Indomethacin]]
 
[[Integrilin]]
 
[[Interferon alpha]]
 
[[Interleukin 10]]
 
[[Interleukin 2]]
 
[[Irinotecan]]
 
[[Ixabepilone]]
 
[[Lenalidomide]]
 
[[Lomustine]]
 
[[Melphalan]]
 
[[Mercaptopurine]]
 
[[Methyldopa]]
 
Methyldopate
 
[[Mithramycin]]
 
[[Nelarabine]]
 
[[Nilotinib]]
 
{{col-break}}
[[Nitisinone]]
 
[[Oxaliplatin]]
 
Para-amino [[salicylic acid]]
 
[[Pemetrexed]]
 
[[Penicillamine]]
 
[[Pentamidine]]
 
[[Phenylbutazone]]
 
[[Pyrimethamine]]
 
[[Quinidine]]
 
[[Quinine]]
 
[[Ranitidine]]
 
[[ReoPro]]
 
[[Rifampicin]]
 
[[Sirolimus]]
 
[[Sorafenib]]
 
[[Stiripentol]]
 
Sulphasalazine
 
Sunitinib malate
 
[[Temozolomide]]
 
[[Ticlopidine]]
 
[[Tirofiban]]
 
[[Topotecan]]
 
[[Trabectedin]]
 
[[Trimetrexate]]
 
[[Valganciclovir]]
 
[[Valproic acid]]
 
[[Vancomycin]]
 
[[Vinorelbine]]
 
[[Vorinostat]]
 
|}
 
===Epiphenomenon===
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
Paraneoplastic syndrome
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs content]]

Latest revision as of 21:43, 3 October 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Farbod Zahedi Tajrishi, M.D. [2]

Overview

There are two broad mechanisms for the causes of thrombocytopenia: Reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Thrombocytopenia is seen in a variety of infectious and genetic disorders as well as a side effect of a large list of medications.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Disseminated intravascular coagulation, endocarditis, pulmonary embolism
Chemical/Poisoning Strontium-89,zinc
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Cholesterol embolism, Elejalde syndrome, Griscelli syndrome type 1, neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease, post-transfusion purpura
Drug Side Effect Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, albendazole, alemtuzumab, altretamine, amiodarone, Amoxicillin, amphotericin B, amrinone, amsacrine, anagrelide, anazolene, anti-thymocyte globulin, ardeparin, Asenapine maleate, Aspirin, azathioprine, Azacitidine, Aztreonam, bendamustine, benoxaprofen, Beractant, bevacizumab, Boceprevir, bortezomib, bosutinib, brentuximab vedotin, cabazitaxel, Cabozantinib, capecitabine, captopril, carboplatin, carfilzomib, carmustine, caspofungin, Cefadroxil, Cefepime, Cefotaxime sodium, Ceftazidime, Cefaclor, Certolizumab pegol, Chlorpropamide , chlorambucil, chloramphenicol,clofarabine, Cidofovir, cilazapril, cimetidine, cisplatin, cladribine, Clemastine, clofarabine, Clobazam, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, dacarbazine, Dactinomycin, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, deferasirox, desferrioxamine, Desmopressin, Dexchlorpheniramine, Dexrazoxane, Dextran Didanosine, diflunisal, docetaxel, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, doxycycline, Rifampin drug-induced thrombocytopenia, efalizumab, eflornithine, Eltrombopag, enoxaparin, Epirubicin hydrochloride, eptifibatide, Eribulin, Ethambutol, Ethacrynic Acid, etoposide, everolimus, febuxostat, Felbamate, Filgastrim, flucytosine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fondaparinux, foscarnet, ganciclovir, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, gold salts, guanidinium, Guanidine, haem arginate, heparin, Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, hydroxycarbamide, hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxyurea (patient information), ibitumomab tiuxetan, ibuprofen lysine, ibrutinib, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib mesylate, Indinavir, indomethacin, integrilin, interferon alpha, interferon alfacon-1, Imipenem-Cilastatin,Interferon beta- 1a, Interferon gamma, interleukin 10, interleukin 2, irinotecan hydrochloride, Isoniazid, isotretinoin, ixabepilone, Lapatinib,lenalidomide, Letrozole, linezolid, lomustine, low molecular weight heparins, Loxapine, melphalan, mercaptopurine, Meropenem, methimazole, methotrexate, methyldopa, methyldopate, methylphenidate, micafungin sodium, Milnacipran hydrochloride, minocycline hydrochloride, miltefosine, mithramycin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, MMR vaccine, montelukast, nabumetone, nelarabine, niacin, nilotinib, nitisinone, Nizatidine, obinutuzumab, Ofatumumab, Omacetaxine, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, Olsalazine, oxaliplatin, Oxaprozin, oxcarbazepine, Oxytetracycline, paclitaxel, Palbociclib, panobinostat, para-amino salicylic acid, pazopanib, Pegademase, Peginterferon Beta-1a,pemetrexed, penicillamine, pentamidine Isethionate, pentostatin, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, Pergolide, Pertuzumab, pixantrone, Plerixafor, pomalidomide, ponatinib, pralatrexate, pramipexole, procarbazine, promethazine, proton pump inhibitors, pyrimethamine, quinidine, quinine, Rabeprazole, Radium chloride, raltitrexed, ranitidine, regorafenib, reoPro, repaglinide, rifampicin, Ritonavir, rituximab, romidepsin, Romiplostim, ruxolitinib, Siltuximab, sirolimus, Sodium aurothiomalate, sorafenib, stiripentol, Streptozocin, Sulfacetamide, Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral), sulfasalazine, sulindac, sulfonamides, sunitinib malate, Spironolactone, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, Thiothixene, Tiagabine, ticlopidine, tinzaparin, tirofiban, tocilizumab, topotecan, Tolmetin, Tolazamide, Toremifene, tositumomab iodine-131, trabectedin, Trimethadione, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tolbutamide, valganciclovir, valproic acid, vancomycin, Vinblastine, Vincristine sulfate liposome vinflunine, vinorelbine, vorinostat, ziv-aflibercept, zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat Alport syndrome, Arias oculootoradial syndrome, Epstein's syndrome, Fechtner syndrome
Endocrine Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2, liver failure, Niemann-Pick disease type b, portal hypertension, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Genetic Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, Alport syndrome, Chediak-Higashi disease, complement factor H deficiency, Elejalde syndrome, Fanconi anaemia, Fechtner syndrome, Griscelli syndrome type 1, holocarboxylase synthase deficiency, iminodipeptiduria, Jacobsen syndrome, MELAS, neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease, Niemann-Pick disease type b, Omenn syndrome, Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, TAR syndrome, Thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome, Von Willebrand disease, platelet type, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
Hematologic Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia, aplastic anemia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT), disseminated intravascular coagulation, Epstein's syndrome, familial histiocytic reticulosis, Gasser syndrome, GATA1-related cytopenia, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, grey platelet syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome, histiocytosis X, hypersplenism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Jacobsen syndrome, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly, Moschcowitz syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, Paris-Trousseau thrombocytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, post-transfusion purpura, pulmonary embolism, radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome, Sebastian platelet syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Von Willebrand disease, platelet type, Werlhof disease, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Iatrogenic Cardiac bypass, chemotherapy, intra-aortic balloon pump placement, massive blood transfusion, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease Congenital syphilis, cytomegalovirus, Dengue fever, ehrlichiosis, Epstein-Barr virus, hantavirus, hepatitis C, HIV, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, infections, infectious mononucleosis, lassa fever, leptospirosis, malaria, measles, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, Oklahoma tick fever, parvovirus, Q fever, rubella, septicaemia, tick-borne encephalitis, toxic shock syndrome (staphylococcal), varicella, visceral leishmaniasis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Arias oculootoradial syndrome, cholesterol embolism, radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome, TAR syndrome, thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome
Neurologic Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2, folate deficiency, Gaucher disease, holocarboxylase synthase deficiency, iminodipeptiduria, iron deficiency, isovaleric acidaemia, methylmalonic aciduria type 2, platelet glycoprotein 4 deficiency, platelet glycoprotein Ib deficiency, prolidase deficiency, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, sea blue histiocytosis, sitosterolemia, vitamin B12 deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, pre-eclampsia
Oncologic Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, hairy cell leukaemia, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, histiocytosis X, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, lymphoma, myeloma, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, paraneoplastic syndrome
Ophthalmologic Arias oculootoradial syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity Alcohol, arsenic trioxide, ethanol
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type b, pulmonary embolism
Renal/Electrolyte Alport syndrome, cholesterol embolism, Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2, Epstein's syndrome, Fechtner syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Anticardiolipin syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2, complement factor H deficiency, Evans syndrome, immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked, macrophage-activation syndrome, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Omenn syndrome, paraneoplastic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Snakebites

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Stasi R (2012). "How to approach thrombocytopenia". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012: 191–7. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191. PMID 23233580.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Greenberg EM, Kaled ES (2013). "Thrombocytopenia". Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 25 (4): 427–34, v. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2013.08.003. PMID 24267279.
  3. ↑ Farid J, Gul N, Qureshi WU, Idris M (2012). "Clinical presentations in immune thrombocytopenic purpura". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 24 (2): 39–40. PMID 24397048.
  4. ↑ Nisha S, Amita D, Uma S, Tripathi AK, Pushplata S (2012). "Prevalence and characterization of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy in Indian women". Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 28 (2): 77–81. doi:10.1007/s12288-011-0107-x. PMC 3332269. PMID 23730013.
  5. ↑ Abdel Karim N, Haider S, Siegrist C, Ahmad N, Zarzour A, Ying J; et al. (2013). "Approach to management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura at university of cincinnati". Adv Hematol. 2013: 195746. doi:10.1155/2013/195746. PMC 3876823. PMID 24396345.

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