Pancreatitis causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Pancreatitis can be caused by a number of causes both intrinsic as well as extrinsic to pancreas. The most common causes include Alcoholism, gallstones and medications.
Common causes of pancreatitis include [[alcoholism]], [[gallstones]], [[hypertriglyceridemia]], [[ERCP]], pancreatic tumors, and medications such as [[5-Mercaptopurine]] and [[Azathioprine]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
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* [[Hypertriglyceridemia]] 1-4% cases <ref name="Fortson-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Fortson | first1 = MR. | last2 = Freedman | first2 = SN. | last3 = Webster | first3 = PD. | title = Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. | journal = Am J Gastroenterol | volume = 90 | issue = 12 | pages = 2134-9 | month = Dec | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 8540502 }}</ref>
* [[Hypertriglyceridemia]] 1-4% cases <ref name="Fortson-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Fortson | first1 = MR. | last2 = Freedman | first2 = SN. | last3 = Webster | first3 = PD. | title = Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. | journal = Am J Gastroenterol | volume = 90 | issue = 12 | pages = 2134-9 | month = Dec | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 8540502 }}</ref>


* Medication such as [[mercaptopurine|5-mercaptopurine]], [[azathioprine]], [[5-DDI]]<ref name="Yi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Yi | first1 = GC. | last2 = Yoon | first2 = KH. | last3 = Hwang | first3 = JB. | title = Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine Proven by Single and Low Dose Challenge Testing in a Child with Crohn Disease. | journal = Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 272-5 | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.5223/pghn.2012.15.4.272 | PMID = 24010098 }}</ref>
* Medication such as [[mercaptopurine|5-mercaptopurine]], [[azathioprine]], [[Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate]], [[5-DDI]]<ref name="Yi-2012">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Yi | first1 = GC. | last2 = Yoon | first2 = KH. | last3 = Hwang | first3 = JB. | title = Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine Proven by Single and Low Dose Challenge Testing in a Child with Crohn Disease. | journal = Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 272-5 | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.5223/pghn.2012.15.4.272 | PMID = 24010098 }}</ref>


* [[Pancreatic tumor]]<ref name="Köhler-1987">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Köhler | first1 = H. | last2 = Lankisch | first2 = PG. | title = Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in pancreatic carcinoma. | journal = Pancreas | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 117-9 | month =  | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 2437571 }}</ref>
* [[Pancreatic tumor]]<ref name="Köhler-1987">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Köhler | first1 = H. | last2 = Lankisch | first2 = PG. | title = Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in pancreatic carcinoma. | journal = Pancreas | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 117-9 | month =  | year = 1987 | doi =  | PMID = 2437571 }}</ref>
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[6-mercaptopurine]], [[Acetaminophen]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Arabinoside]], [[Asparaginase]], [[Azathioprine]], [[olsalazine|Azodisalicylate]], [[Bexarotene]], [[Bezafibrate]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Carbimazole]], [[Chlorothiazide]], [[Clomiphene]], [[Clozapine]], [[Cytosine]], [[Dapsone]], [[Dexamethasone]], [[Didanosine]], [[Enalapril]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Erythromycin]], [[Estrogen]], [[Exenatide]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Lamivudine]], [[Linagliptin]], [[Liraglutide]], [[Losartan]], [[Meglumine antimoniate|Meglumine]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Mesalazine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Metronidazole]], [[Nelfinavir]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Olsalazine]], [[Omeprazole]], [[Oxyphenbutazone]], [[Pegaspargase]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Ponatinib]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Premarin]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propofol]], [[Pyritonol]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Stavudine]], [[Sodium stibogluconate]], [[Sulfamethoxazole]], [[Sulindac]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Teduglutide]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Zalcitabine]], [[methyldopa|α-methyldopa]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[6-mercaptopurine]], [[Acetaminophen]], [[Acetaminophen and Oxycodone]], [[Alogliptin]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Arabinoside]], [[Asparaginase]], [[Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi]], [[Azathioprine]], [[olsalazine|Azodisalicylate]], [[Bexarotene]], [[Bezafibrate]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Carbimazole]], [[Chlorothiazide]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomiphene]], [[Clozapine]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Cytosine]], [[dabrafenib mesylate]], [[Dapsone]], [[Dexamethasone]], [[Didanosine]], [[Dapsone]], [[Doxercalciferol]], [[Enalapril]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Eribulin]], [[Erythromycin]], [[Estrogen]], [[Exenatide]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Indinavir]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Interferon gamma]],  [[Interferon alfa-2b ]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Lamivudine]], [[Linagliptin]], [[Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride]],  [[Liraglutide]], [[Losartan]], [[Meglumine antimoniate|Meglumine]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Mesalazine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Methylprednisolone]], [[Metronidazole]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Nelfinavir]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Nivolumab]], [[Olsalazine]], [[Omeprazole]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxyphenbutazone]], [[Pegaspargase]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pergolide]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Ponatinib]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Premarin]], [[Prednisone]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propofol]], [[Pyritonol]], [[ Prednisolone]], [[Repaglinide]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir mesylate]], [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Somatropin]],[[Stavudine]], [[Sodium stibogluconate]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Sulfamethoxazole]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfasalazine]]  ,[[Tamoxifen]], [[Teduglutide]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Zalcitabine]], [[methyldopa|α-methyldopa]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperparathyroidism|Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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*[[Cholesterol embolism]]
*[[Cholesterol embolism]]
*[[Cidofovir]]


*[[Clomiphene]]
*[[Clomiphene]]
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*[[Codeine]]
*[[Codeine]]
*[[Cytarabine]]


*[[Lipodystrophy|Congenital generalized  lipodystrophy type 1]]
*[[Lipodystrophy|Congenital generalized  lipodystrophy type 1]]
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*[[Pancreas|Ectopic pancreas]]
*[[Pancreas|Ectopic pancreas]]
*[[Efavirenz]]


*[[Enalapril]]
*[[Enalapril]]
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*[[ERCP]]
*[[ERCP]]
*[[Eribulin]]


*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
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*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Indinavir]]


*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Interferon gamma]]


*[[Hypotension|Intraoperative  hypotension]]
*[[Hypotension|Intraoperative  hypotension]]


*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Janumet]] ([[sitagliptin]] and [[metformin]])


*[[Lamivudine]]
*[[Lamivudine]]
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*[[Mestranol]]
*[[Mestranol]]
*[[Omeprazole]]
*[[Omeprazole]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[Oxyphenbutazone]]
*[[Oxyphenbutazone]]
*[[Pancreas divisum]]
*[[Pancreas divisum]]
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*[[Penetrating trauma]]
*[[Penetrating trauma]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
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*[[Pregnancy ]]
*[[Pregnancy ]]
*[[Premarin]]
*[[Premarin]]
*[[Prednisone]]
*[[Hyperparathyroidism|Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Propofol]]
*[[Propofol]]
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*[[Reye syndrome]]
*[[Reye syndrome]]
*[[Salmonella]]
*[[Salmonella]]
*[[Saquinavir mesylate]]
*[[Simvastatin]]
*[[Simvastatin]]
*[[Sitagliptin]]
*[[Sitagliptin]]
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*[[Pancreas|Stenosis of pancreatic ducts]]
*[[Pancreas|Stenosis of pancreatic ducts]]
*[[Sodium stibogluconate]]
*[[Sodium stibogluconate]]
*[[Sorafenib]]
*[[Sulfamethoxazole]]
*[[Sulfamethoxazole]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Sulindac]]
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*[[Teduglutide]]
*[[Teduglutide]]
*[[Teniasis]]
*[[Teniasis]]
* [[Tenofovir]] disoproxil fumarate
*[[Tetracycline]]
*[[Tetracycline]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thallium]]
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Abdominal pain]]
[[Category:Abdominal pain]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Needs causes]]
[[Category:Needs causes]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 23:33, 29 July 2020

Pancreatitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Hereditary Pancreatitis
Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Common causes of pancreatitis include alcoholism, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, ERCP, pancreatic tumors, and medications such as 5-Mercaptopurine and Azathioprine.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Acute pancreatitis is a life-threatening condition, especially if it progresses to necrotizing pancreatitis, and should be treated as such irrespective of the cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Atheroembolism , Cholesterol embolism, Hemorrhagic shock , Hypotension, Intraoperative hypotension
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect 6-mercaptopurine, Acetaminophen, Acetaminophen and Oxycodone, Alogliptin, Amiodarone, Arabinoside, Asparaginase, Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi, Azathioprine, Azodisalicylate, Bexarotene, Bezafibrate, Bumetanide, Carbimazole, Chlorothiazide, Cidofovir, Clomiphene, Clozapine, Cytarabine, Cytosine, dabrafenib mesylate, Dapsone, Dexamethasone, Didanosine, Dapsone, Doxercalciferol, Enalapril, Enfuvirtide, Eribulin, Erythromycin, Estrogen, Exenatide, Febuxostat, Frusemide, Furosemide, Indinavir, Ifosfamide, Hydrochlorothiazide, interferon alfacon-1, Interferon gamma, Interferon alfa-2b , Isoniazid, Lamivudine, Linagliptin, Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride, Liraglutide, Losartan, Meglumine, Mesalamine, Mesalazine, Methimazole, Methyldopa, Methylprednisolone, Metronidazole, Minocycline hydrochloride, Nelfinavir, Nilotinib, Nitrofurantoin, Nivolumab, Olsalazine, Omeprazole, Oxaliplatin, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, Oxyphenbutazone, Pegaspargase, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pentamidine, Pergolide, Phenylbutazone, Ponatinib, Pramipexole, Pravastatin, Premarin, Prednisone, Procainamide, Propofol, Pyritonol, Prednisolone, Repaglinide, Ritonavir, Saquinavir mesylate, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride, Simvastatin, Sitagliptin, Somatropin,Stavudine, Sodium stibogluconate, Sorafenib, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulindac, Sulfasalazine ,Tamoxifen, Teduglutide, Tetracycline, Thalidomide, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Valproic acid, Zalcitabine, α-methyldopa
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Primary hyperparathyroidism
Environmental Alcoholism, Blunt trauma, Pregnancy
Gastroenterologic Acute gestational fatty liver, Acute hepatic porphyrias, Acute intermittent porphyria, Biliary sludge, Choledochal cyst, Choledocholithiasis, Cholelithiasis, Duodenal ulcer, Gallstones, Gastric ulcer, Hepatitis B , Hereditary pancreatitis, Microlithiasis, Pancreatic cysts, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Porphyrias, Reye syndrome
Genetic Aminoaciduria, Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency, Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1, Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2, Cystic fibrosis, Erythropoietic protoporphyria., Familial hypertriglyceridaemia, Hemochromatosis, Hereditary coproporphyria, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic ERCP, Partial pancreas resection, Posttransplantation
Infectious Disease Ascariasis, Aspergillus, Campylobacter jejuni, Coxsackievirus, Cryptosporidium, Cytomegalovirus, Fungal infections, Herpes simplex, HIV, Human enterovirus b, Legionella, Leptospira, Leukocytosis, Mumps, Mycoplasma, Salmonella, Teniasis, Toxoplasma, Varicella zoster
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic All-trans-retinoic acid, Hypercalcaemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Zinc
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Cholangiocarcinoma, Pancreatic cancer
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Cannabis, Codeine, Ethanol, Thallium
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune pancreatitis, Autoimmune sclerosing pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, Necrotizing vascular angiitis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Variegate porphyria, Vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Duodenal diverticulum, Ectopic pancreas, Fever, Hypothermia, Idiopathic, Pancreas divisum, Penetrating trauma, Stenosis of pancreatic ducts, Trauma

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Yang, AL.; Vadhavkar, S.; Singh, G.; Omary, MB. (2008). "Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States". Arch Intern Med. 168 (6): 649–56. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.649. PMID 18362258. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Forsmark, CE.; Baillie, J. (2007). "AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis". Gastroenterology. 132 (5): 2022–44. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.065. PMID 17484894. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Fortson, MR.; Freedman, SN.; Webster, PD. (1995). "Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis". Am J Gastroenterol. 90 (12): 2134–9. PMID 8540502. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Yi, GC.; Yoon, KH.; Hwang, JB. (2012). "Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine Proven by Single and Low Dose Challenge Testing in a Child with Crohn Disease". Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 15 (4): 272–5. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.4.272. PMID 24010098. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Köhler, H.; Lankisch, PG. (1987). "Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in pancreatic carcinoma". Pancreas. 2 (1): 117–9. PMID 2437571.

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