Thymoma staging: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:52, 20 November 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2]

Overview

The thymic epithelial tumor staging system was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978,^[1] modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979,^[2] and further developed by Masaoka et al. in 1981.^[3]^[4]
Modified Masaoka staging grouped with TNM classification is the most widely adopted system for thymic epithelial tumors currently in use.

Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma

*Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma (1994)*^[5]
Stage	Description
I	Macroscopically and microscopically completely encapsulated
II	A. Microscopic transcapsular invasion B. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or grossly adherent to but not through mediastinal pleura or pericardium
III	Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (ie, pericardium, great vessels, lung) A. Without invasion of great vessels B. With invasion of great vessels
IV	A. Pleural or pericardial dissemination B. Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis

TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors

*TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors by Yamakawa and Masaoka (1991)*^[6]
T/N/M Stage		Description
T factor	T1	Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
	T2	Macroscopically adhesion or invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura, or microscopic invasion into capsule
	T3	Invasion into neighboring organs, such as pericardium, great vessels, and lung
	T4	Pleural or pericardial dissemination
N factor	N0	No lymph node metastasis
	N1	Metastasis to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
	N2	Metastasis to intrathoracic lymphnodes except anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
	N3	Metastasis to extrathoracic lymphnodes
M factor	M0	No hematogenous metastasis
	M1	Hematogenous metastasis

*Combined Masaoka Staging/TNM Classification (1994)*^[7]
Masaoka Stage	T factor	N factor	M factor
Stage I	T1	N0	M0
Stage II	T2	N0	M0
Stage III	T3	N0	M0
Stage IVa	T4	N0	M0
Stage IVb	Any T	N1, N2, or N3	M0
Stage IVb	Any T	Any N	M1

Previously Reported Staging System

*Masaoka Staging (1981)*^[3]
Stage	Description
I	Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
II	1. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura 2. Microscopic invasion into capsule
III	Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ (ie, pericardium, great vessels, or lung)
IVa	Pleural or pericardial dissemination
IVb	Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis

*Clinical Staging by Bergh (1978) and Wilkins (1979)*^[1]^[2]
Author	Stage	Description
Bergh et al.	I	Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
	II	Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue
	III	Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases
Wilkins et al.	I	Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
	II	Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue or adjacent pleura or pericardium
	III	Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bergh, NP.; Gatzinsky, P.; Larsson, S.; Lundin, P.; Ridell, B. (1978). "Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas". Ann Thorac Surg. 25 (2): 91–8. PMID 626543. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Wilkins, EW.; Castleman, B. (1979). "Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital". Ann Thorac Surg. 28 (3): 252–6. PMID 485626. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Masaoka, A.; Monden, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Tanioka, T. (1981). "Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages". Cancer. 48 (11): 2485–92. PMID 7296496. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Kondo, K. (2005). "Invited commentary". Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (6): 2000–1. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053. PMID 16305832. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Masaoka, A.; Yamakawa, Y.; Niwa, H.; Fukai, I.; Saito, Y.; Tokudome, S.; Nakahara, K.; Fujii, Y. (1994). "Thymectomy and malignancy". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 8 (5): 251–3. PMID 8043287.
↑ Sinha Hikim AP, Hoffer AP (1987). "Quantitative analysis of germ cells and Leydig cells in rat made infertile with gossypol". Contraception. 35 (4): 395–408. PMID 3621939.
↑ Tsuchiya R, Koga K, Matsuno Y, Mukai K, Shimosato Y (1994). "Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging". Pathol Int. 44 (7): 505–12. PMID 7921194.

[Bergh-1978-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bergh, NP.; Gatzinsky, P.; Larsson, S.; Lundin, P.; Ridell, B. (1978). "Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas". Ann Thorac Surg. 25 (2): 91–8. PMID 626543. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Wilkins-1979-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Wilkins, EW.; Castleman, B. (1979). "Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital". Ann Thorac Surg. 28 (3): 252–6. PMID 485626. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Masaoka-1981-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Masaoka, A.; Monden, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Tanioka, T. (1981). "Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages". Cancer. 48 (11): 2485–92. PMID 7296496. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Kondo-2005-4] Kondo, K. (2005). "Invited commentary". Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (6): 2000–1. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053. PMID 16305832. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Masaoka-1994-5] Masaoka, A.; Yamakawa, Y.; Niwa, H.; Fukai, I.; Saito, Y.; Tokudome, S.; Nakahara, K.; Fujii, Y. (1994). "Thymectomy and malignancy". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 8 (5): 251–3. PMID 8043287.

[pmid3621939-6] Sinha Hikim AP, Hoffer AP (1987). "Quantitative analysis of germ cells and Leydig cells in rat made infertile with gossypol". Contraception. 35 (4): 395–408. PMID 3621939.

[pmid7921194-7] Tsuchiya R, Koga K, Matsuno Y, Mukai K, Shimosato Y (1994). "Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging". Pathol Int. 44 (7): 505–12. PMID 7921194.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
+* The thymic epithelial tumor staging system was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978,<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi =  | PMID = 626543 }}</ref> modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979,<ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi =  | PMID = 485626 }}</ref> and further developed by Masaoka et al. in 1981.<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi =  | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref><ref name="Kondo-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kondo | first1 = K. | title = Invited commentary. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 2000-1 | month = Dec | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053 | PMID = 16305832 }}</ref>
-Staging of thymic epithelial tumors was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978,<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi =  | PMID = 626543 }}</ref> modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979,<ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi =  | PMID = 485626 }}</ref> and advanced by Masaoka et al. in 1981.<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi =  | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref><ref name="Kondo-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kondo | first1 = K. | title = Invited commentary. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 2000-1 | month = Dec | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053 | PMID = 16305832 }}</ref> Modified Masaoka staging grouped with TNM classification is the most widely adopted system for thymic epithelial tumors currently in use.
+* Modified Masaoka staging grouped with TNM classification is the most widely adopted system for thymic epithelial tumors currently in use.
 ==Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma==
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
 |+ <SMALL>''Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma (1994)''<ref name="Masaoka-1994">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Yamakawa | first2 = Y. | last3 = Niwa | first3 = H. | last4 = Fukai | first4 = I. | last5 = Saito | first5 = Y. | last6 = Tokudome | first6 = S. | last7 = Nakahara | first7 = K. | last8 = Fujii | first8 = Y. | title = Thymectomy and malignancy. | journal = Eur J Cardiothorac Surg | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 251-3 | month =  | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 8043287 }}</ref></SMALL>
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 15px;" | '''Stage'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Stage'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 600px;" | '''Description'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description'''
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Macroscopically and microscopically completely encapsulated
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''I'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopically and microscopically completely encapsulated
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''II''' || A. Microscopic transcapsular invasion <BR> B. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or grossly adherent to but not through <BR> mediastinal pleura or pericardium
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''II'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | A. Microscopic transcapsular invasion <BR> B. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or grossly adherent to but not through <BR> mediastinal pleura or pericardium
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''III''' || Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (ie, pericardium, great vessels, lung) <BR> A. Without invasion of great vessels <BR> B. With invasion of great vessels
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''III'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (ie, pericardium, great vessels, lung) <BR> A. Without invasion of great vessels <BR> B. With invasion of great vessels
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''IV''' || A. Pleural or pericardial dissemination <BR> B. Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''IV'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | A. Pleural or pericardial dissemination <BR> B. Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis
 |-
 |}
 ==TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors==
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
+|+ <SMALL>''TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors by Yamakawa and Masaoka (1991)''<ref name="pmid3621939">{{cite journal| author=Sinha Hikim AP, Hoffer AP| title=Quantitative analysis of germ cells and Leydig cells in rat made infertile with gossypol. | journal=Contraception | year= 1987 | volume= 35 | issue= 4 | pages= 395-408 | pmid=3621939 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3621939  }} </ref></SMALL>
-|+ <SMALL>''TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors by Yamakawa and Masaoka (1991)''<ref name="Yamakawa-1991">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Yamakawa | first1 = Y. | last2 = Masaoka | first2 = A. | last3 = Hashimoto | first3 = T. | last4 = Niwa | first4 = H. | last5 = Mizuno | first5 = T. | last6 = Fujii | first6 = Y. | last7 = Nakahara | first7 = K. | title = A tentative tumor-node-metastasis classification of thymoma. | journal = Cancer | volume = 68 | issue = 9 | pages = 1984-7 | month = Nov | year = 1991 | doi =  | PMID = 1913546 }}</ref></SMALL>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''T/N/M Stage'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px;" colspan=2 | '''T/N/M Stage'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 520px;" | '''Description'''
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0; width:75px;" rowspan=4 align=center | '''T factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0; width: 50px;" align=center | '''T1''' || Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
+| rowspan="4" style="background: #F0F0F0; width:75px;" align="center" | '''T factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0; width: 50px;" align="center" | '''T1'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''T2''' || Macroscopically adhesion or invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura, <BR> or microscopic invasion into capsule
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''T2'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopically adhesion or invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura, <BR> or microscopic invasion into capsule
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''T3''' || Invasion into neighboring organs, such as pericardium, great vessels, and lung
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''T3'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Invasion into neighboring organs, such as pericardium, great vessels, and lung
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''T4''' || Pleural or pericardial dissemination
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''T4'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Pleural or pericardial dissemination
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=4 align=center | '''N factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''N0''' || No lymph node metastasis
+| rowspan="4" style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''N factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''N0'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | No lymph node metastasis
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''N1''' || Metastasis to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''N1'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Metastasis to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''N2''' || Metastasis to intrathoracic lymphnodes except anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''N2'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Metastasis to intrathoracic lymphnodes except anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''N3''' || Metastasis to extrathoracic lymphnodes
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''N3'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Metastasis to extrathoracic lymphnodes
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=4 align=center | '''M factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''M0''' || No hematogenous metastasis
+| rowspan="4" style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''M factor''' || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''M0'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | No hematogenous metastasis
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''M1''' || Hematogenous metastasis
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''M1'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Hematogenous metastasis
 |-
 |}
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
+|+ <SMALL>''Combined Masaoka Staging/TNM Classification (1994)''<ref name="pmid7921194">{{cite journal| author=Tsuchiya R, Koga K, Matsuno Y, Mukai K, Shimosato Y| title=Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging. | journal=Pathol Int | year= 1994 | volume= 44 | issue= 7 | pages= 505-12 | pmid=7921194 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7921194  }} </ref></SMALL>
-|+ <SMALL>''Combined Masaoka Staging/TNM Classification (1994)''<ref name="Tsuchiya-1994">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tsuchiya | first1 = R. | last2 = Koga | first2 = K. | last3 = Matsuno | first3 = Y. | last4 = Mukai | first4 = K. | last5 = Shimosato | first5 = Y. | title = Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging. | journal = Pathol Int | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | pages = 505-12 | month = Jul | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 7921194 }}</ref></SMALL>
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Masaoka Stage'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 150px;" | '''Masaoka Stage'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''T factor'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 150px;" | '''T factor'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''N factor'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 150px;" | '''N factor'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''M factor'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 150px;" | '''M factor'''
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''Stage I''' ||align=center| T1 ||align=center| N0 ||align=center| M0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''Stage I'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | T1
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | N0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M0
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''Stage II''' ||align=center| T2 ||align=center| N0 ||align=center| M0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''Stage II'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | T2
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | N0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M0
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''Stage III''' ||align=center| T3 ||align=center| N0 ||align=center| M0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''Stage III'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | T3
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | N0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M0
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''Stage IVa''' ||align=center| T4 ||align=center| N0 ||align=center| M0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''Stage IVa'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | T4
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | N0
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M0
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center rowspan=2 | '''Stage IVb''' ||align=center| Any T ||align=center| N1, N2, or N3 ||align=center| M0
+| rowspan="2" style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''Stage IVb'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | Any T
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | N1, N2, or N3
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M0
 |-
-|align=center| Any T ||align=center| Any N ||align=center| M1
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | Any T
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | Any N
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | M1
 |-
 |}
 ==Previously Reported Staging System==
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
 |+ <SMALL>''Masaoka Staging (1981)''<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi =  | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref></SMALL>
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 15px;" | '''Stage'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Stage'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 600px;" | '''Description'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description'''
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''I'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''II''' || 1. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura <BR> 2. Microscopic invasion into capsule
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''II'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | 1. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura <BR> 2. Microscopic invasion into capsule
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''III''' || Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ (ie, pericardium, great vessels, or lung)
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''III'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ (ie, pericardium, great vessels, or lung)
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''IVa''' || Pleural or pericardial dissemination
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''IVa'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Pleural or pericardial dissemination
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''IVb''' || Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''IVb'''
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" | Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis
 |-
 |}
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
 |+ <SMALL>''Clinical Staging by Bergh (1978) and Wilkins (1979)''<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi =  | PMID = 626543 }}</ref><ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi =  | PMID = 485626 }}</ref></SMALL>
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 100px;" | '''Author'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Author'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 15px;" | '''Stage'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Stage'''
-! style="background: #F0F0F0; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 500px;" | '''Description'''
+! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description'''
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=3 align=center | Bergh et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
+| rowspan="3" style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | Bergh et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''II''' || Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''II''' || Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''III''' || Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''III''' || Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=3 align=center | Wilkins et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
+| rowspan="3" style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | Wilkins et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''II''' || Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue or adjacent pleura or pericardium
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''II''' || Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue or adjacent pleura or pericardium
 |-
-| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''III''' || Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases
+| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align="center" | '''III''' || Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases
 |-
 |}
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Oncology]]
 [[Category:Types of cancer]]
 [[Category:Rare diseases]]
 [[Category:Disease]]
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Immunology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]

Thymoma staging: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:52, 20 November 2018

Overview

Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma

TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors

Previously Reported Staging System

References

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