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| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Pulmonary embolism resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> | |||
| [[Pulmonary embolism resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] | |||
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{{Pulmonary embolism}} | {{Pulmonary embolism}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{ATI}}; {{AE}} {{Rim}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of [[deep vein thrombosis]] (DVT), [[pulmonary embolism]] (PE), or both. In these chapters on VTE, the word risk factors | [[Venous thromboembolism]] (VTE) consists of [[deep vein thrombosis]] (DVT), [[pulmonary embolism]] (PE), or both. In these chapters on [[VTE]], the word risk factors refer to those epidemiologic and [[genetic]] variables that expose someone to a higher risk of developing [[venous thrombosis]]. The word triggers refer to those factors in the patient's immediate history or environment that may have lead to the occurrence of the [[venous thrombosis]]. The triggers of [[VTE]] include injury to a deep [[vein]] from [[surgery]], a [[fracture]], or other [[trauma]], especially a [[paralytic]] [[spinal cord]] injury.<ref name="pmid12814980">{{cite journal |author=Anderson FA, Spencer FA |title=Risk factors for venous thromboembolism |journal=Circulation |volume=107 |issue=23 Suppl 1 |pages=I9–16 |year=2003 |month=June |pmid=12814980 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6 |url=}}</ref> Another trigger for [[VTE]] is prolonged immobilization that causes [[stasis]] in the deep [[veins]] which may occur after [[surgery]], prolonged bed-rest, or prolonged seating during travel. | ||
==Triggers== | ==Triggers== | ||
Shown below is a list of triggers of [[VTE]].<ref name="pmid12814980">{{cite journal| author=Anderson FA, Spencer FA| title=Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. | journal=Circulation | year= 2003 | volume= 107 | issue= 23 Suppl 1 | pages= I9-16 | pmid=12814980 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12814980 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18757870">{{cite journal| author=Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, Agnelli G, Galiè N, Pruszczyk P et al.| title=Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2008 | volume= 29 | issue= 18 | pages= 2276-315 | pmid=18757870 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehn310 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18757870 }} </ref> The triggers are classified as strong, moderate, or weak depending on how strongly they predispose for a VTE. | Shown below is a list of triggers of [[VTE]].<ref name="pmid12814980">{{cite journal| author=Anderson FA, Spencer FA| title=Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. | journal=Circulation | year= 2003 | volume= 107 | issue= 23 Suppl 1 | pages= I9-16 | pmid=12814980 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12814980 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18757870">{{cite journal| author=Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, Agnelli G, Galiè N, Pruszczyk P et al.| title=Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2008 | volume= 29 | issue= 18 | pages= 2276-315 | pmid=18757870 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehn310 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18757870 }} </ref> | ||
The triggers are classified as strong, moderate, or weak depending on how strongly they predispose for a [[VTE]]. | |||
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| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |❑ [[Bone fracture]] ([[hip]] or [[leg]]) <br> | | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |❑ [[Bone fracture]] ([[hip]] or [[leg]]) <br> | ||
❑ [[Hip replacement surgery]]<br> | ❑ [[Hip replacement surgery]]<br> | ||
❑ Knee replacement surgery<br> | ❑ Knee replacement [[surgery]]<br> | ||
❑ [[General surgery|Major general surgery]]<br> | ❑ [[General surgery|Major general surgery]]<br> | ||
❑ [[Trauma|Significant trauma]]<br> | ❑ [[Trauma|Significant trauma]]<br> | ||
Latest revision as of 14:11, 11 October 2017
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Resident Survival Guide |
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Pulmonary Embolism Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Pulmonary Embolism Assessment of Probability of Subsequent VTE and Risk Scores |
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Treatment |
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Follow-Up |
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Special Scenario |
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Trials |
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Case Studies |
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Pulmonary embolism triggers On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Pulmonary embolism triggers |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary embolism triggers |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
Overview
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or both. In these chapters on VTE, the word risk factors refer to those epidemiologic and genetic variables that expose someone to a higher risk of developing venous thrombosis. The word triggers refer to those factors in the patient's immediate history or environment that may have lead to the occurrence of the venous thrombosis. The triggers of VTE include injury to a deep vein from surgery, a fracture, or other trauma, especially a paralytic spinal cord injury.[1] Another trigger for VTE is prolonged immobilization that causes stasis in the deep veins which may occur after surgery, prolonged bed-rest, or prolonged seating during travel.
Triggers
Shown below is a list of triggers of VTE.[1][2] The triggers are classified as strong, moderate, or weak depending on how strongly they predispose for a VTE.
| Strong triggers | Moderate triggers | Weak triggers |
| ❑ Bone fracture (hip or leg) ❑ Hip replacement surgery |
❑ Athroscopic knee surgery |
❑ Bed rest for more than 3 days ❑ Prolonged car or air travel |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anderson FA, Spencer FA (2003). "Risk factors for venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I9–16. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6. PMID 12814980. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, Agnelli G, Galiè N, Pruszczyk P; et al. (2008). "Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)". Eur Heart J. 29 (18): 2276–315. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn310. PMID 18757870.