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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Smallpox virus]] |
| {{Smallpox}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}}
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| ==Overview==
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| [[Smallpox]] is caused by the [[variola]] virus.
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| ==Taxonomy==
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| [[Viruses]]; [[DNA virus|dsDNA]]; [[Poxviridae]]; Chordopoxvirinae; [[Orthopoxvirus]]; Variola vera
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| ==Biology==
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| [[Variola virus]] is a [[orthopoxvirus]], from the family [[Poxviridae]], the largest [[viruses]] to [[infect]] humans. It is a 200-400 nm dsDNA virus, lacking icosahedral symmetry. The other [[viruses]] of the family [[Poxviridae]] include:<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref>
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| * [[Vaccinia virus]]
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| * [[Molluscum contagiosum virus]]
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| * [[Cowpox virus]]
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| * [[Monkeypox virus]]
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| The [[viral]] structure includes:<ref>{{cite book | last = Fields | first = Bernard | title = Fields virology | publisher = Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | year = 2007 | isbn = 0781760607 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8184534">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Liu LI, Qi J, Knight JC, Yuran TE, Kerlavage AR et al.| title=Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975. | journal=Virology | year= 1994 | volume= 201 | issue= 2 | pages= 215-40 | pmid=8184534 | doi=10.1006/viro.1994.1288 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8184534 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8661439">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Loparev VN, Knight JC, Totmenin AV, Chizhikov VE, Parsons JM et al.| title=Terminal region sequence variations in variola virus DNA. | journal=Virology | year= 1996 | volume= 221 | issue= 2 |pages= 291-300 | pmid=8661439 | doi=10.1006/viro.1996.0378 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8661439 }} </ref>
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| * [[Outer membrane]]
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| * 2 lateral bodies
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| * 1 dsDNA molecule in its core containing 186,999 base pairs
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| [[Variola virus]] [[genes]] are similar to the ones of [[vaccinia virus]]. Since there is cross-protection between poxviruses, it was possible to use the second as a [[vaccine]] for [[smallpox virus]].<ref name="ShchelkunovResenchuk1993">{{cite journal|last1=Shchelkunov|first1=Sergei N.|last2=Resenchuk|first2=Sergei M.|last3=Totmenin|first3=Alexei V.|last4=Blinov|first4=Vladimir M.|last5=Marennikova|first5=Svetlana S.|last6=Sandakhchiev|first6=Lev S.|title=Comparison of the genetic maps of variola and vaccinia viruses|journal=FEBS Letters|volume=327|issue=3|year=1993|pages=321–324|issn=00145793|doi=10.1016/0014-5793(93)81013-P}}</ref>
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| There are 2 forms of [[variola virus]]:
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| * Variola major
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| * Variola minor
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| Both [[strains]] of the [[virus]] share a large amount of [[genome]], yet they differ clinically. This leads to the assumption that the difference in [[virulence]] resides in alternate [[gene expression]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Smallpox and its Eradication | url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/39485/1/9241561106.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref>
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| Poxviruses survive in cold and dry environments being able to survive in the [[aerosol]] form, and are killed by hospital disinfectants and [[UV light]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Smallpox and its Eradication | url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/39485/1/9241561106.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4371586">{{cite journal| author=Thomas G| title=Air sampling of smallpox virus. | journal=J Hyg (Lond) | year= 1974 | volume= 73 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=4371586 | doi= | pmc=PMC2130554 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4371586 }} </ref><ref name="pmid13904777">{{cite journal| author=HARPER GJ| title=Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses. | journal=J Hyg (Lond) | year= 1961 | volume= 59 | issue= | pages= 479-86 | pmid=13904777 | doi= | pmc=PMC2134455 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13904777 }} </ref>
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| Unlike other [[DNA viruses]], poxviruses replicate within the [[cytoplasm]] of the host cell. In order to replicate, poxviruses produce a variety of specialized [[proteins]] not produced by other [[DNA viruses]], the most important of which is a viral-associated DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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| ==Origin==
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| ==Tropism==
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| ==Natural reservoir==
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| [[Humans]] are the only [[natural reservoir]] of [[smallpox virus]].<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Smallpox disease overview | url = http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Pediatrics]]
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| [[Category:Smallpox]]
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| [[Category:Viral diseases]]
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| [[Category:Poxviruses]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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