Smallpox diagnostic criteria: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]] is guided by | The [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]] is guided by a CDC algorithm that follows certain ''major'' and ''minor criteria''. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
For the [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]], the [[CDC]] along with other organizations, | For the [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]], the [[CDC]] along with other organizations, created a group of ''major'' and ''minor criteria'':<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name="pmid15546084">{{cite journal| author=Seward JF, Galil K, Damon I, Norton SA, Rotz L, Schmid S et al.| title=Development and experience with an algorithm to evaluate suspected smallpox cases in the United States, 2002-2004. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 10 | pages= 1477-83 | pmid=15546084 | doi=10.1086/425500 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15546084 }} </ref> | ||
====Major==== | ====Major Criteria==== | ||
*On any singular part of the body, there | * On any singular part of the body, there need to be [[lesions]] in the same stage of development | ||
*Characteristic [[pustules]]: | * Characteristic [[pustules]]: | ||
**Well circumscribed and round | ** Well circumscribed and round | ||
**Confluent or with a depression in the middle | ** Confluent or with a depression in the middle | ||
*[[Fever]] occurring approximately 1-4 days before [[rash]] begins | * [[Fever]] occurring approximately 1-4 days before [[rash]] begins | ||
**The [[fever]] is usually > | ** The [[fever]] is usually >102 degrees Fahrenheit (T ≥38.3ºC) | ||
*With [[fever]], at least one of the following [[symptoms]]: | * With [[fever]], at least one of the following [[symptoms]]: | ||
**[[Malaise]] | ** [[Malaise]] | ||
**[[Abdominal pain]] | ** [[Abdominal pain]] | ||
**[[Vomiting]] | ** [[Vomiting]] | ||
**[[Chills]] | ** [[Chills]] | ||
**[[Back pain]] | ** [[Back pain]] | ||
**[[Headache]] | ** [[Headache]] | ||
====Minor==== | ====Minor Criteria==== | ||
*Patient appears [[toxic]] or near death | *Patient appears [[toxic]] or near death | ||
*Initial lesions will be on the [[oral mucosa]] | *Initial lesions will be on the [[oral mucosa]] and [[face]], progressing in a centrifugal fashion towards the arms and feet | ||
*There will be lesions on the palms and soles | *There will be lesions on the palms and soles | ||
*Most of the lesions will be on the [[distal]] extremities and face | *Most of the lesions will be on the [[distal]] extremities and face | ||
*Evolution of [[rash]] from [[macules]] to [[papules]], to [[pustules]], and finally to scabs | *Evolution of the [[rash]] from [[macules]] to [[papules]], to [[pustules]], and finally to scabs | ||
===Diagnostic Algorithm=== | ===Diagnostic Algorithm=== | ||
Below is an algorithm aimed to guide the [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]]: | Below is an algorithm aimed to guide the [[diagnosis]] of [[smallpox]]: | ||
[[Image:Smallpox rash.jpg]] | [[Image:Smallpox rash.jpg|thumb|center|800px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/diagnosis/pdf/poxalgorithm5-2-14.pdf Adapted from Laboratory Response Network (LRN [CDC]), Laboratory Response Network.]''<ref name="LRN(CDC)">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/diagnosis/pdf/poxalgorithm5-2-14.pdf}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Smallpox]] | [[Category:Smallpox]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:04, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
The diagnosis of smallpox is guided by a CDC algorithm that follows certain major and minor criteria.
Diagnosis
For the diagnosis of smallpox, the CDC along with other organizations, created a group of major and minor criteria:[1][2]
Major Criteria
- On any singular part of the body, there need to be lesions in the same stage of development
- Characteristic pustules:
- Well circumscribed and round
- Confluent or with a depression in the middle
- Fever occurring approximately 1-4 days before rash begins
- The fever is usually >102 degrees Fahrenheit (T ≥38.3ºC)
- With fever, at least one of the following symptoms:
Minor Criteria
- Patient appears toxic or near death
- Initial lesions will be on the oral mucosa and face, progressing in a centrifugal fashion towards the arms and feet
- There will be lesions on the palms and soles
- Most of the lesions will be on the distal extremities and face
- Evolution of the rash from macules to papules, to pustules, and finally to scabs
Diagnostic Algorithm
Below is an algorithm aimed to guide the diagnosis of smallpox:
References
- ↑ Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Seward JF, Galil K, Damon I, Norton SA, Rotz L, Schmid S; et al. (2004). "Development and experience with an algorithm to evaluate suspected smallpox cases in the United States, 2002-2004". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (10): 1477–83. doi:10.1086/425500. PMID 15546084.
- ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" (PDF).