Hepatitis D ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Ultrasound]] of the liver in a patient with hepatitis D, may reveal unspecific findings, such as: hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall thickening, increased echogenicity, and signs of portal hypertension. It may also be used as a [[screening]] tool for the diagnosis, and monitoring of [[hepatic cirrhosis]] and [[hepatocellular carcinoma]]. Attending to the concomitant existence of [[HDV]] and [[HBV]], [[HBsAg]] carriers with [[cirrhosis]] should be [[ultrasound|echographically]] evaluated every 6 months.<ref name=WHO1>{{cite web | title = Hepatitis D | url = http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/HepatitisD_whocdscsrncs2001_1.pdf }}</ref> | |||
==Ultrasound== | ==Ultrasound== | ||
Although unspecific, the following findings may be identified in patients with [[hepatitis D]]:<ref name=WHO1>{{cite web | title = Hepatitis D | url = http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/HepatitisD_whocdscsrncs2001_1.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pmid1544561">{{cite journal| author=Ferral H, Male R, Cardiel M, Munoz L, Quiroz y Ferrari F| title=Cirrhosis: diagnosis by liver surface analysis with high-frequency ultrasound. | journal=Gastrointest Radiol | year= 1992 | volume= 17 | issue= 1 | pages= 74-8 | pmid=1544561 | doi=10.1007/BF01888512 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1544561 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10499467">{{cite journal| author=Kok T, van der Jagt EJ, Haagsma EB, Bijleveld CM, Jansen PL, Boeve WJ| title=The value of Doppler ultrasound in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. | journal=Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl | year= 1999 | volume= 230 | issue= | pages= 82-8 | pmid=10499467 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10499467 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12216750">{{cite journal| author=Tchelepi H, Ralls PW, Radin R, Grant E| title=Sonography of diffuse liver disease. | journal=J Ultrasound Med | year= 2002 | volume= 21 | issue= 9 | pages= 1023-32; quiz 1033-4 | pmid=12216750 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12216750 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] (acute phase) | *[[Hepatomegaly]] (acute phase) | ||
*Irregular thickening of the [[gallbladder]] wall, often due to [[inflammation]] and [[edema]] (more frequent in hepatitis A) | *Irregular thickening of the [[gallbladder]] wall, often due to [[inflammation]] and [[edema]] (more frequent in hepatitis A) | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
In advanced stages of the disease, in which [[cirrhosis]] might be present, the following findings may be identified: | In advanced stages of the disease, in which [[cirrhosis]] might be present, the following findings may be identified: | ||
*[[Liver | *[[Liver]] shape abnormalities | ||
*Parenchymal heterogeneity | *Parenchymal heterogeneity | ||
*Nodularity of [[liver]] surface | *Nodularity of [[liver]] surface | ||
Revision as of 21:50, 10 August 2014
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Hepatitis D |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Hepatitis D ultrasound On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatitis D ultrasound |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatitis D ultrasound |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]; João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [4]
Overview
Ultrasound of the liver in a patient with hepatitis D, may reveal unspecific findings, such as: hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall thickening, increased echogenicity, and signs of portal hypertension. It may also be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis, and monitoring of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Attending to the concomitant existence of HDV and HBV, HBsAg carriers with cirrhosis should be echographically evaluated every 6 months.[1]
Ultrasound
Although unspecific, the following findings may be identified in patients with hepatitis D:[1][2][3][4]
- Hepatomegaly (acute phase)
- Irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall, often due to inflammation and edema (more frequent in hepatitis A)
- Increased echogenicity
- Segmental hypertrophy with nodular appearance of the liver
- Portal hypertension:
- Splenomegaly
- Ascites
- Pleural effusion
- Reversed flow
In advanced stages of the disease, in which cirrhosis might be present, the following findings may be identified:
HBsAg carriers should have regular serial serum alpha-fetoprotein determinations. Ultrasound examinations should be performed in patients above 40 years of age (with 6 month intervals). These tests should be repeated regularly in all HBsAg carriers with cirrhosis.[1]
Ultrasound is also useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma, a potential complication of hepatitis D.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Hepatitis D" (PDF).
- ↑ Ferral H, Male R, Cardiel M, Munoz L, Quiroz y Ferrari F (1992). "Cirrhosis: diagnosis by liver surface analysis with high-frequency ultrasound". Gastrointest Radiol. 17 (1): 74–8. doi:10.1007/BF01888512. PMID 1544561.
- ↑ Kok T, van der Jagt EJ, Haagsma EB, Bijleveld CM, Jansen PL, Boeve WJ (1999). "The value of Doppler ultrasound in cirrhosis and portal hypertension". Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 230: 82–8. PMID 10499467.
- ↑ Tchelepi H, Ralls PW, Radin R, Grant E (2002). "Sonography of diffuse liver disease". J Ultrasound Med. 21 (9): 1023–32, quiz 1033-4. PMID 12216750.