West nile virus causes: Difference between revisions
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==Biology== | ==Biology== | ||
West Nile virus has an icosahedral symmetry, with a smooth surface.<ref name="Mukhopadhyay2003">{{cite journal|last1=Mukhopadhyay|first1=S.|title=Structure of West Nile Virus|journal=Science|volume=302|issue=5643|year=2003|pages=248–248|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.1089316}}</ref> Its genome is contained in a single stranded mRNA virus of about 11000 bp. | West Nile virus has an icosahedral symmetry, with a smooth surface.<ref name="Mukhopadhyay2003">{{cite journal|last1=Mukhopadhyay|first1=S.|title=Structure of West Nile Virus|journal=Science|volume=302|issue=5643|year=2003|pages=248–248|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.1089316}}</ref> It is an enveloped virus with a nucleocapsid core built of [[RNA]] and [[capsid]] proteins. Its [[genome]] is contained in a single stranded [[mRNA]] virus of about 11000 bp.<ref name="CampbellMarfin2002">{{cite journal|last1=Campbell|first1=Grant L|last2=Marfin|first2=Anthony A|last3=Lanciotti|first3=Robert S|last4=Gubler|first4=Duane J|title=West Nile virus|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|volume=2|issue=9|year=2002|pages=519–529|issn=14733099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00368-7}}</ref> It contains a single [[ORF]], a 5' [[UTR]], and a 3' region which is not translated. | ||
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The open reading frame encodes a polyprotein that is processed by viral and cellular proteases during and after translation into three structural proteins (C, premembrane or membrane, and envelope) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). Structural proteins are mainly involved in viral particle formation, whereas non-structural proteins function in viral replication, virion assembly, and evasion of host innate immune response. | |||
West Nile virus is 1 of more than 70 viruses of the family Flaviviridae of the genus Flavivirus. Serologically, West Nile virus is a member of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, which includes Japanese en- cephalitis virus and an endemic North American flavivirus, St Louis encephalitis virus. West Nile viruses can be designated into at least 5 phylogenetic lineages.15 Only lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses have been associated with significant outbreaks in humans. | West Nile virus is 1 of more than 70 viruses of the family Flaviviridae of the genus Flavivirus. Serologically, West Nile virus is a member of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, which includes Japanese en- cephalitis virus and an endemic North American flavivirus, St Louis encephalitis virus. West Nile viruses can be designated into at least 5 phylogenetic lineages.15 Only lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses have been associated with significant outbreaks in humans. | ||
Revision as of 14:13, 11 September 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Taxonomy
Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus; Japanese encephalitis virus group[1]
Biology
West Nile virus has an icosahedral symmetry, with a smooth surface.[2] It is an enveloped virus with a nucleocapsid core built of RNA and capsid proteins. Its genome is contained in a single stranded mRNA virus of about 11000 bp.[3] It contains a single ORF, a 5' UTR, and a 3' region which is not translated.
Structure
Tropism
Natural Reservoir
Natural reservoirs of the West Nile virus include:[4]
- Humans
- 65 different species of mosquitos
- 326 species of birds
References
- ↑ "West Nile Virus".
- ↑ Mukhopadhyay, S. (2003). "Structure of West Nile Virus". Science. 302 (5643): 248–248. doi:10.1126/science.1089316. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ Campbell, Grant L; Marfin, Anthony A; Lanciotti, Robert S; Gubler, Duane J (2002). "West Nile virus". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2 (9): 519–529. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00368-7. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Petersen LR, Brault AC, Nasci RS (2013). "West Nile virus: review of the literature". JAMA. 310 (3): 308–15. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8042. PMID 23860989.