Enterovirus 68 risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Extremes of age, pulmonary comorbidities such as [[asthma]] and [[cystic fibrosis]], and other systemic co-morbidities are considered significant risk factors for developing worse clinical disease among patients with EV-D68. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
* | ===Patient age=== | ||
*Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of developing disease when exposed to | *All patient populations are susceptible to EV-D68 infection. However, extremes of age is considered an important risk factor for worse clinical disease. | ||
*Younger children, who lack previous immunity against the virus, and elderly patients, who have a decreased immune response, are more likely to develop worse disease manifestations <ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Enterovirus D68 | url = http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/ }}</ref> | |||
*Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of developing disease manifestations when exposed to EV-D68. | |||
===Pulmonary Comorbidities=== | |||
Patients with pulmonary comorbidities are susceptible to severe lower respiratory tract disease when infected with EV-D68. Presence of pulmonary co-morbidities is associated with more admissions to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and death due to the infection. The most common pulmonary co-morbidities desribed in the literature include the following<ref name="HasegawaHirano2011">{{cite journal|last1=Hasegawa|first1=S.|last2=Hirano|first2=R.|last3=Okamoto-Nakagawa|first3=R.|last4=Ichiyama|first4=T.|last5=Shirabe|first5=K.|title=Enterovirus 68 infection in children with asthma attacks: virus-induced asthma in Japanese children|journal=Allergy|volume=66|issue=12|year=2011|pages=1618–1620|issn=01054538|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02725.x}}</ref>: | |||
*Asthma | |||
*Cystic fibrosis | |||
*Chronic pulmonary disease requiring home oxygen supplementation | |||
*Lung transplantation | |||
===Systemic Comorbidities=== | |||
Advanced systemic diseases not related to the respiratory system, such as hepatic cirrhosis, are also considered a risk factor for worse outcome in EV-D68 infections. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:04, 11 September 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
Extremes of age, pulmonary comorbidities such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, and other systemic co-morbidities are considered significant risk factors for developing worse clinical disease among patients with EV-D68.
Risk Factors
Patient age
- All patient populations are susceptible to EV-D68 infection. However, extremes of age is considered an important risk factor for worse clinical disease.
- Younger children, who lack previous immunity against the virus, and elderly patients, who have a decreased immune response, are more likely to develop worse disease manifestations [1]
- Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of developing disease manifestations when exposed to EV-D68.
Pulmonary Comorbidities
Patients with pulmonary comorbidities are susceptible to severe lower respiratory tract disease when infected with EV-D68. Presence of pulmonary co-morbidities is associated with more admissions to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and death due to the infection. The most common pulmonary co-morbidities desribed in the literature include the following[2]:
- Asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic pulmonary disease requiring home oxygen supplementation
- Lung transplantation
Systemic Comorbidities
Advanced systemic diseases not related to the respiratory system, such as hepatic cirrhosis, are also considered a risk factor for worse outcome in EV-D68 infections.
References
- ↑ "Enterovirus D68".
- ↑ Hasegawa, S.; Hirano, R.; Okamoto-Nakagawa, R.; Ichiyama, T.; Shirabe, K. (2011). "Enterovirus 68 infection in children with asthma attacks: virus-induced asthma in Japanese children". Allergy. 66 (12): 1618–1620. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02725.x. ISSN 0105-4538.