Enterovirus 68 risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Extremes of age, pulmonary comorbidities such as [[asthma]] and [[cystic fibrosis]], and other systemic comorbidities are considered significant risk factors for developing worse clinical disease among patients with EV-D68. | Poor hygiene due to inappropriate hand wash is an important risk factor for the development of EV-D68 infection. Extremes of age, pulmonary comorbidities such as [[asthma]] and [[cystic fibrosis]], and other systemic comorbidities are considered significant risk factors for developing worse clinical disease among patients with EV-D68. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Revision as of 02:52, 12 September 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
Poor hygiene due to inappropriate hand wash is an important risk factor for the development of EV-D68 infection. Extremes of age, pulmonary comorbidities such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, and other systemic comorbidities are considered significant risk factors for developing worse clinical disease among patients with EV-D68.
Risk Factors
Patient age
- All patient populations are susceptible to EV-D68 infection. However, extremes of age is considered an important risk factor for worse clinical disease.
- Younger children, who lack previous immunity against the virus, and elderly patients, who have a decreased immune response, are more likely to develop worse disease manifestations [1]
- Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of developing disease manifestations when exposed to EV-D68.
Pulmonary Comorbidities
Patients with pulmonary comorbidities are susceptible to severe lower respiratory tract disease when infected with EV-D68. Presence of pulmonary co-morbidities is associated with more admissions to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and death due to the infection. The most common pulmonary co-morbidities desribed in the literature include the following[2]:
- Asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic pulmonary disease requiring home oxygen supplementation
- Lung transplantation
Systemic Comorbidities
Advanced systemic diseases not related to the respiratory system, such as hepatic cirrhosis, are also considered a risk factor for worse outcome in EV-D68 infections.
References
- ↑ "Enterovirus D68".
- ↑ Hasegawa, S.; Hirano, R.; Okamoto-Nakagawa, R.; Ichiyama, T.; Shirabe, K. (2011). "Enterovirus 68 infection in children with asthma attacks: virus-induced asthma in Japanese children". Allergy. 66 (12): 1618–1620. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02725.x. ISSN 0105-4538.