West nile virus screening: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Universal screening for west nile virus is not recommended. As blood-related transmission of the virus has been reported, blood collection agencies have been screening all donated blood for West Nile virus since 2003 to minimize the risk of transmission. Screening of blood products is done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the viral RNA usually detectable in active infection. | |||
==Screening== | ==Screening== | ||
Universal screening for west nile virus is not recommended. Patients who are at risk for the disease and show signs of the disease may be screened. The first-line screening assay for laboratory diagnosis of human WNV infection is the IgM assay. Currently, the FDA has cleared four commercially-available test kits from different manufacturers, for | |||
[http://www.cdc.gov | detection of WNV IgM antibodies. Because the IgM and IgG ELISA tests can cross-react between flaviviruses (e.g., dengue, yellow fever), they should be viewed as screening tests only and confirmation with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is recommended. [http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/wnvguidelines.pdf] | ||
===Screening of blood products=== | ===Screening of blood products=== | ||
Following the discovery of WNV transmission by blood products, blood donor screening for WNV has become more common. Blood is currently screened by | Following the discovery of WNV transmission by blood products, blood donor screening for WNV has become more common. Blood is currently screened by RT-PCR to amplify the viral RNA. Other screening methods for blood products are not recommended because WNV may only infect recipients if donors are acutely infected. A minipool nucleic acid testing program (MP-NAT) is currently implemented to detect WNV viremia among donors. Patients with positive results may not donate blood for at least 120 days.<ref name="pmid16079368">{{cite journal| author=Stramer SL, Fang CT, Foster GA, Wagner AG, Brodsky JP, Dodd RY| title=West Nile virus among blood donors in the United States, 2003 and 2004. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 353 | issue= 5 | pages= 451-9 | pmid=16079368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa044333 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16079368 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16079369">{{cite journal| author=Busch MP, Caglioti S, Robertson EF, McAuley JD, Tobler LH, Kamel H et al.| title=Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 353 | issue= 5 | pages= 460-7 | pmid=16079369 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa044029 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16079369 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15819665">{{cite journal| author=Kleinman S, Glynn SA, Busch M, Todd D, Powell L, Pietrelli L et al.| title=The 2003 West Nile virus United States epidemic: the America's Blood Centers experience. | journal=Transfusion | year= 2005 | volume= 45 | issue= 4 | pages= 469-79 | pmid=15819665 | doi=10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005.04315.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15819665 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:51, 12 September 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Universal screening for west nile virus is not recommended. As blood-related transmission of the virus has been reported, blood collection agencies have been screening all donated blood for West Nile virus since 2003 to minimize the risk of transmission. Screening of blood products is done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the viral RNA usually detectable in active infection.
Screening
Universal screening for west nile virus is not recommended. Patients who are at risk for the disease and show signs of the disease may be screened. The first-line screening assay for laboratory diagnosis of human WNV infection is the IgM assay. Currently, the FDA has cleared four commercially-available test kits from different manufacturers, for detection of WNV IgM antibodies. Because the IgM and IgG ELISA tests can cross-react between flaviviruses (e.g., dengue, yellow fever), they should be viewed as screening tests only and confirmation with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is recommended. [2]
Screening of blood products
Following the discovery of WNV transmission by blood products, blood donor screening for WNV has become more common. Blood is currently screened by RT-PCR to amplify the viral RNA. Other screening methods for blood products are not recommended because WNV may only infect recipients if donors are acutely infected. A minipool nucleic acid testing program (MP-NAT) is currently implemented to detect WNV viremia among donors. Patients with positive results may not donate blood for at least 120 days.[1][2][3]
References
- ↑ Stramer SL, Fang CT, Foster GA, Wagner AG, Brodsky JP, Dodd RY (2005). "West Nile virus among blood donors in the United States, 2003 and 2004". N Engl J Med. 353 (5): 451–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa044333. PMID 16079368.
- ↑ Busch MP, Caglioti S, Robertson EF, McAuley JD, Tobler LH, Kamel H; et al. (2005). "Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing". N Engl J Med. 353 (5): 460–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa044029. PMID 16079369.
- ↑ Kleinman S, Glynn SA, Busch M, Todd D, Powell L, Pietrelli L; et al. (2005). "The 2003 West Nile virus United States epidemic: the America's Blood Centers experience". Transfusion. 45 (4): 469–79. doi:10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005.04315.x. PMID 15819665.