Cyclospora cayetanensis: Difference between revisions
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==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
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| [[File:Cyclospora1.jpg| | | [[File:Cyclospora1.jpg|100px|thumb|none|Three uniformly stained Cyclospora cayetanensisoocysts in the field of view.<SMALL> ''Image provided by the CDC [http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] ''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | ||
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| [[File:Cyclospora2.jpg| | | [[File:Cyclospora2.jpg|100px|thumb|none|Photomicrograph of a fresh stool sample, which had been prepared using a 10% formalin solution, and stained with modified acid-fast stain, revealed the presence of four Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts in the field of view <SMALL> ''Image provided by the CDC [http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] ''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | ||
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[[Eukaryota]]; [[Alveolata]]; [[Apicomplexa]]; [[Conoidasida]]; [[Coccidia]]; [[Eucoccidiorida]]; Eimeriorina; Eimeriidae; [[Cyclospora]]<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web | title = Cyclospora cayetanensis | [[Eukaryota]]; [[Alveolata]]; [[Apicomplexa]]; [[Conoidasida]]; [[Coccidia]]; [[Eucoccidiorida]]; Eimeriorina; Eimeriidae; [[Cyclospora]]<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web | title = Cyclospora cayetanensis | ||
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==Natural Reservoir== | ==Natural Reservoir== | ||
The only hosts C. cayentanensis uses are humans.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Cyclosporiasis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/biology.html }}</ref> | The only hosts ''C. cayentanensis'' uses are humans.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Cyclosporiasis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/biology.html }}</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 15:40, 18 September 2014
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Cyclosporiasis Microchapters |
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Cyclospora cayetanensis On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan that causes disease in humans, and perhaps other primates. It is sometimes referred to as the “yuppie disease” due to outbreaks in the United States from fecally-contaminated imported raspberries and was virtually unknown before about 1990, but has been on the rise since. The health risk associated with the disease is usually confined to adult foreigners visiting endemic regions and acquiring the infection: this is why C. cayetanensis has been labeled as causing “traveler’s diarrhea.” Given the recent rise of this protozoan menace, it is important to be able to characterize, recognize, and give proper treatment for C. cayetanensis.
This species was placed in the Cyclospora genus because of the spherical shape of its sporocysts. The species name refers to the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru, where early epidemiological and taxonomic work was done.[3]
Taxonomy
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Eukaryota; Alveolata; Apicomplexa; Conoidasida; Coccidia; Eucoccidiorida; Eimeriorina; Eimeriidae; Cyclospora[3]
Biology
Cyclospora cayetanensis is apicomplexan, cyst-forming coccidian protozoan, of the family of Eimeriidae, that causes a self-limiting diarrhea. Morphologically C. cayetanensis has spherical oocysts that are between 7.5 and 10 micrometers in diameter that also have a 50 nanometer thick bilayered wall with an outer threadlike coat that has been called a wrinkle by some researchers.[4][5][6]
According to a phylogenetic analysis performed with the 18S rRNA gene, in the Cyclospora species isolated from a group of baboons, this species, although different, was proved to be similar to the C. cayetanensis that infects humans. These two species were then documented was belonging to the same clade of the Eimeria species.[7] Other three species of Cyclospora were also identified in non-human primates and characterized with the SSU rRNA analysis, later that year. Because there are morphologically similar, there can not be differentiated by light microscopy.[8] These species: C. cercopitheci, C. colobi and C. papionis were identified in green monkeys, colobus monkeys, and baboons, respectively. C. cayetanensis and these three other species of Cyclospora all share the characteristic of being host-specific.[5][5]
Tropism
Natural Reservoir
The only hosts C. cayentanensis uses are humans.[4]
References
- ↑ "http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp". External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ "http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp". External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ "Cyclospora cayetanensis".
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Cyclosporiasis".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ortega YR, Sanchez R (2010). "Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis, a food-borne and waterborne parasite". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (1): 218–34. doi:10.1128/CMR.00026-09. PMC 2806662. PMID 20065331.
- ↑ Ortega YR, Gilman RH, Sterling CR (1994). "A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from humans". J Parasitol. 80 (4): 625–9. PMID 8064531.
- ↑ Lopez FA, Manglicmot J, Schmidt TM, Yeh C, Smith HV, Relman DA (1999). "Molecular characterization of Cyclospora-like organisms from baboons". J Infect Dis. 179 (3): 670–6. doi:10.1086/314645. PMID 9952374.
- ↑ Eberhard ML, da Silva AJ, Lilley BG, Pieniazek NJ (1999). "Morphologic and molecular characterization of new Cyclospora species from Ethiopian monkeys: C. cercopitheci sp.n., C. colobi sp.n., and C. papionis sp.n." Emerg Infect Dis. 5 (5): 651–8. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990506. PMC 2627716. PMID 10511521.