Porokeratosis: Difference between revisions
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* ''Disseminated superficial porokeratosis'' is a more generalized processes and involves mainly the extremities in a bilateral, symmetric fashion.<ref name=FITZPATRICK2003 />{{rp|533}} In about 50% of cases, [[skin lesion]]s only develop in sun-exposed areas, and this is referred to as ''disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis''<ref name=FITZPATRICK2003 />{{rp|533}} | * ''Disseminated superficial porokeratosis'' is a more generalized processes and involves mainly the extremities in a bilateral, symmetric fashion.<ref name=FITZPATRICK2003 />{{rp|533}} In about 50% of cases, [[skin lesion]]s only develop in sun-exposed areas, and this is referred to as ''disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis''<ref name=FITZPATRICK2003 />{{rp|533}} | ||
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Revision as of 18:40, 25 September 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Overview
Porokeratosis is a specific disorder of epidermal keratinization that is characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella, a thin column of closely stacked parakeratotic cells extending through the stratum corneum with a thin or absent granular layer.[1]
Historical Perspective
Porokeratosis was first described by Mibelli in 1893.
Classification
Porokeratosis may be divided into the following clinical types:
- Classic porokeratosis Mibelli
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- Disseminated superficial porokeratosis is a more generalized processes and involves mainly the extremities in a bilateral, symmetric fashion.[2]:533 In about 50% of cases, skin lesions only develop in sun-exposed areas, and this is referred to as disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis[2]:533
- Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata is characterized by skin lesions that are superficial, small, relatively uniform, and demarcated by a distinct peripheral ridge of no more than 1mm in height.[2]:534[3]:567[4]:1668
- Linear porokeratosis is characterized clinically skin lesions are identical to those of classic porokeratosis, including lichenoid papules, annular lesions, hyperkeratotic plaques with central atrophy, and the characteristic peripheral ridge.[2][3]:567[4]:1668
- Punctate porokeratosis is a skin condition associated with either classic porokeratosis or linear porokeratosis types of porokeratosis, and is characterized by multiple, minute, and discrete punctate, hyperkeratotic, seed-like skin lesions surrounded by a thin, raised margin on the palms and soles.[2]:535[4]:1668
- Porokeratosis plantaris discreta is a skin condition that occurs in adults, with a 4:1 female preponderance, characterized by a sharply marginated, rubbery, wide-based papules.[3]:213 It is also known as "Steinberg's lesion".[5] It was characterized in 1970.[6]
Pathology
Porokeratosis has a characteristic histomorphologic feature known as a cornoid lamella.
See also
- List of cutaneous conditions
- List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
References
- ↑ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFITZPATRICK2003 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedANDREWS2005 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBOLOGNIA2007 - ↑ Lemont H (2008). "What's your diagnosis? Porokeratosis plantaris discreta (Steinberg's lesion)". J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 98 (4): 337–8. PMID 18685058.
- ↑ Taub J, Steinberg MD (1970). "Porokeratosis plantaris discreta, a previously unrecognized dermatopathological entity". Int. J. Dermatol. 9 (2): 83–90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1970.tb04584.x. PMID 5426632.
External References
- Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis
- Disseminated superficial porokeratosis
- Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata
- Linear porokeratosis
- Punctate porokeratosis
- Porokeratosis plantaris discreta[1]
Causes
The etiology of porokeratosis is still unclear. An autosomal dominant inheritance has been established for classic porokeratosis Mibelli, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata.
Risk Factors
- Sun exposure
- Virus infection
- Immunosuppression
- Radioactivity
Epidemiology and Demographics
It frequently appears in childhood but may appear at any age, especially in nonhereditary cases, with a higher incidence in males.
Diagnosis
Physical Findings
- Classic porokeratosis Mibelli consists of a single plaque or a small number of plaques of variable size, usually located unilaterally on limbs.
- Disseminated superficial porokeratosis is a variant of classic porokeratosis Mibelli characterized by small erythematous or pigmented keratotic papules with central atrophy, located on the trunk, genitals, palms, and soles.
- Linear porokeratosis usually arises as plaques that follows Blaschko's lines.
Laboratory Findings
Histopathological examination reveals typical cornoid lamella confirming the diagnosis of porokeratosis.
Treatment
Skin care with topical isotretinoin 0.1% cream once daily and 5% urea.
References
- ↑ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.