HIV AIDS differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS

Overview

AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease. It should be considered in patient presenting with symptoms of immunodeficiency. AIDS should be distinguished from congenital disorders and considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood immunodeficiency.

The possibility of HIV infection should be considered on a case-by-case basis and other causes of immune suppression must be considered.

Various medical conditions that cause immunosuppression are chemotherapy, immune disorders, severe combined immune deficiency [SCID], severe malnutrition.

Differentiating AIDS from other Diseases

Disorder	Disease Definition
Burkitt lymphoma	Burkitt's lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, also the cause of mononucleosis as well as other cancers
Influenza	Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the biological family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). In humans, common symptoms of influenza infection are fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.[1] In more serious cases, influenza causes pneumonia, which can be fatal, particularly in young children and the elderly
Streptococcal pharyngitis	Streptococcal pharyngitis or streptococcal sore throat (Strep throat AmE), is a form of group A streptococcal infection that affects the pharynx, and possibly the larynx and tonsils and presents as sorethroat.
Viral gastroenteritis	Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Viral gastroenteritis is an infection caused by a variety of viruses that results in vomiting or diarrhea. It is often called the "stomach flu," although it is not caused by the influenza viruses.
Viral upper respiratory tract infection	Acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract can cause symptoms similar to AIDS like sore throat, pharyngitis, malaise and pharyngitis.
Acute viral hepatitis	Acute viral inflammation of liver can cause loss of appetite, malaise, jaundice and other constitutional syndromes
Primary herpes simplex infection	Herpes simplex is a viral infection that causes that can produce various symptoms depending on the sites of infection. Oral herpes can cause cold sores in mouth and is the most common for of infection. It can have active and latent phases. Although Herpes can occur as an opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised state of AIDS infection, primary herpes simplex infection can be a differential diagnosis of AIDS
Secondary syphilis	After 4-10 weeks of primary syphilis , secondary syphilis can occur affecting skin, mucous membrane and lymph nodes. They can present with fever, malaise, sore throat, weight loss, headache , hair loss.
Acute cytomegalo infection
Acute toxoplasmosis
Brucellosis
Disseminated goncoccemia
Measles
meningitis/encephalitis
Primary immunodeficiencies
Malaria
Typhoid
Rubella

• Burkitt lymphoma
• Candidiasis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Cytomegalovirus
• Herpes Simplex
• Lymphoma
• Mycobacterium avium complex
• Toxoplasmosis