HIV AIDS physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or malnourished. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.

Vitals

Temperature

• Fever can be present

Pulse

• Tachycardia

Blood pressure

• Hypotension

Respiratory rate

• Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections

Skin

• Folliculitis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Kaposi Sarcoma
• Fungal infections
• Skin lesions

Eyes

• Change in vision is a common aspect.
• The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
• Blurry vision
• Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
• Retinal lesions
• Yellow or white discoloration
• Retinal hemorrhage
• Retinal infiltrates

Head

• Headache
• Tenderness of sinuses

Nose

• Nasal congestion
• Inflammation of nasal turbinates

Ears

• Hearing loss
• Unilateral or bilateral deafness
• Discharge from ears

Throat

• Dental pain
• Peridontal disease
• Oral herpes simplex leisions
• Oral thrush
• Difficulty in mastigation
• Dysphagia
• Odynophagia
• Halitosis

Lungs

• Cough
• Hemoptysis
• Dyspnea
• Rales
• Rhonchi
• Dullness to percussion
• Increased vocal fremitus
• Increased tactile fremitus

Cardiovascular system

• Chest pain
• Palpitation
• Dyspnea
• Heart murmur

Abdomen

• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Rectal bleeding
• Consipation
• Hemorrhoids
• Hepatomegaly
• Spleenomegaly
• Rebound tenderness

Genito-urinary

• Vaginal or urethral discharge
• Vaginal pain
• Dysuria
• Rectal pain
• Increased urinary frequency

Extremities

• Muscle wasting
• Muscle weakness
• Muscle pain
• Joint swelling

Central nervous system

• Behavoural changes
• Tingling sensation of extremities
• Burning sensation of extremities
• Gait disturbances