HIV AIDS physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or malnourished. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.

Vitals

Temperature

• Fever can be present

Pulse

• Tachycardia can be present.

Blood pressure

• Hypotension can be present.

Respiratory rate

• Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections

Skin

• Folliculitis can be present.
• Seborrheic dermatitis can be present.
• Psoriasis can be present.
• Kaposi Sarcoma can be present.
• Fungal infections can be present.
• Skin lesions can be present in some cases.

Eyes

• Change in vision is a common aspect.
• The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
• Blurry vision may be a common findings.
• Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
• Retinal lesions may be found.
• Yellow or white discoloration can be found.
• Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
• Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

• Headache can be present.
• Tenderness of sinuses may be elicited.

Nose

• Nasal congestion may be present.
• Inflammation of nasal turbinates may be present.

Ears

• Hearing loss mayy be present.
• Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
• Discharge from ears may be found.

Throat

• Dental pain may occur.
• Peridontal disease may be present.
• Oral herpes simplex leisions may be found.
• Oral thrush may be found.
• Difficulty in mastigation may be found.
• Dysphagia may be found.
• Odynophagia may be found.
• Halitosis may be elicited.

Lungs

• Cough may be found.
• Hemoptysis may be found.
• Dyspnea may be found.
• Rales may be found.
• Rhonchi may be found.
• Dullness to percussion can be present.
• Increased vocal fremitus can be present.
• Increased tactile fremitus can be present.

Cardiovascular system

• Chest pain may be prsent.
• Palpitation may be present.
• Dyspnea can be found.
• Heart murmur can be found.

Abdomen

• Abdominal pain can be found.
• Rectal bleeding can be present.
• Consipation may be found.
• Hemorrhoids may be found.
• Hepatomegaly may be elicited.
• Spleenomegaly may be elicited.
• Rebound tenderness may be elicited.

Genito-Urinary

• Vaginal or urethral discharge can be present.
• Vaginal pain can be present.
• Dysuria can be present.
• Rectal pain can be present.
• Increased urinary frequency can be present.

Extremities

• Muscle wasting may be present.
• Muscle weakness may be present.
• Muscle pain may be present.
• Joint swelling may be present.

Central Nervous System

• Behavoural changes is observed.
• Tingling sensation of extremities can be a common finding.
• Burning sensation of extremities can be found.
• Gait disturbances may be present.