Restrictive cardiomyopathy: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 05:04, 27 October 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Infiltrative cardiomyopathy; RCM

Overview

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common cardiomyopathy. It is called this because it restricts the heart from stretching and filling with blood properly. Rhythmicity and contractility of the heart may be normal, but the stiff walls of the heart chambers (atria and ventricles) keep them from adequately filling. So blood flow is reduced, and blood that would normally enter the heart is backed up in the circulatory system. In time, restrictive cardiomyopathy patients develop heart failure.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Amyloidosis, carcinoid heart disease, cardiac amyloidosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, heart transplant, hemochromatosis, Hurler syndrome, Noonan's syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning	Mercurial agents
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Drug Side Effect	Anthracyclines, busulfan, chemotherapy, drugs, ergotamine, hydroxychloroquine, methysergide, serotonin
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Amyloidosis, carcinoid syndrome, carcinoid tumors, diabetes mellitus, carcinoid heart disease, hemochromatosis
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency, glycogen storage disease, hemochromatosis, Hurler syndrome, sarcoidosis, carcinoid heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Genetic	Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency, Anderson-Fabry disease, cystinosis, desminopathy, Fabry's disease, familial, Gaucher's disease, hemochromatosis, Hurler syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis, Noonan's syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, sarcomeric protein mutations, Werner's syndrome
Hematologic	Carcinoid heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, carcinoid tumors, Gaucher's disease, hemochromatosis, Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Iatrogenic	Postirradiation fibrosis, Radiation
Infectious Disease	Loeffler's syndrome
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Hemochromatosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency, amyloidosis, Anderson-Fabry disease, cystinosis, Fabry's disease, fatty infiltration, Gaucher's disease, generalized gangliosidosis GM1, glycogen storage disease, Hurler syndrome, I-cell disease, mucolipidosis II alpha/beta, mucopolysaccharidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Carcinoid heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, carcinoid tumors, hypereosinophilic syndrome, lymphoma, malignancy, metastatic cancers, paraneoplastic syndrome
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Hurler syndrome
Pulmonary	Churg-Strauss syndrome, Loeffler's syndrome, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Amyloidosis, cardiac amyloidosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Loeffler's syndrome, paraneoplastic syndrome, reactive arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

Electrocardiogram

Shown below is an example of restrictive cardiomyopathy with low voltage and flipped anterior T waves.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Amyloidosis]], [[carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid heart disease]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]], [[endocardial fibroelastosis]], [[endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[heart transplant]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[Noonan's syndrome]]
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[mercury|Mercurial agents]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anthracyclines]], [[busulfan]], [[chemotherapy]], [[drugs]], [[ergotamine]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[methysergide]], [[serotonin]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[carcinoid tumors]], [[diabetes mellitus]],  [[carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid heart disease]], [[hemochromatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]], [[glycogen storage disease]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid heart disease]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]], [[Anderson-Fabry disease]], [[cystinosis]], [[desminopathy]], [[Fabry's disease]], [[familial]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[mucopolysaccharidosis]], [[Noonan's syndrome]], [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]], sarcomeric protein mutations, [[Werner's syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid heart disease]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[carcinoid tumors]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[radiotherapy|Postirradiation fibrosis]], [[Radiation]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Loeffler's syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemochromatosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency]], [[amyloidosis]], [[Anderson-Fabry disease]], [[cystinosis]], [[Fabry's disease]], fatty infiltration, [[Gaucher's disease]], [[generalized gangliosidosis GM1]], [[glycogen storage disease]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[I-cell disease]], [[mucolipidosis II alpha/beta]], [[mucopolysaccharidosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid heart disease]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[carcinoid tumors]], [[hypereosinophilic syndrome]], [[lymphoma]], [[malignancy]], [[metastasis|metastatic cancers]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hurler syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Loeffler's syndrome]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]], [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]], [[Loeffler's syndrome]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[reactive arthritis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic sclerosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]]
 |-
 |}