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{{ Pyridoxine deficiency  }}
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==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  overview|Overview]]==
 
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  differential diagnosis|Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases]]==


==Overview==
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency   epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
{{Infobox_Disease
| Name          = Vitamin B6 deficiency
| Image          =  
| Caption        =  
| DiseasesDB    = 13923
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|53|1|e|50}}
| ICD9          = {{ICD9|266.1}}
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    =
| eMedicineSubj  = med
| eMedicineTopic = 1977
| MeshID        = D026681
}}
{{SI}}
The classic clinical syndrome for '''Pyridoxine deficiency''' (or '''B6 deficiency''') is a seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption, atrophic glossitis with ulceration, angular cheilitis, conjunctivitis, intertrigo, and neurologic symptoms of somnolence, confusion, and neuropathy.<ref>Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 10th Edition, Elsevier.</ref>


Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme that converts Glutamate to GABA.  Therefore, the concurrent increase in the excitatory neurotransmitter, Glutamate, and decrease in inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, resultant from B6 deficiency, may manifest itself in the form of seizures.
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency   risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Causes==
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  screening|Screening]]==
*Supporters of a debated medical condition known as [[Pyroluria]] believe it may be one potential cause of vitamin B6 deficiency.    
*Another cause of vitamin B6 deficiency is the use of the tuberculostatic medication [[isoniazid]], and for this reason, it is recommended to supplement with vitamin B6 when using this drug. 
*Grumpiness and irritability are also often symptomatic of a deficiency according to "Body, Mind, and the B Vitamins" by Ruth Adams and Frank Murray.
*A [[meta-analysis]] of three databases ([[MEDLINE]], [[EMBASE]], and [[Cochrane Library]]), including only [[double-blind]], randomized controlled trials, found that vitamin B6 has a significant effect compared to [[placebo]]s in treating [[morning sickness]], similar to that of [[ginger]].<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=22469 Pregnancy Morning Sickness - Ginger as Effective as Vitamin B6 (open)] [http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/105/4/849 Effectiveness and Safety of Ginger in the Treatment of Pregnancy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (subscription)], Borrelli ''et al.'',  ''Obstetrics & Gynecology'', 2005;105:849-856</ref>


===Diagnostic Testing for B6 Deficiency===
==[[Pyridoxine deficiency  natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
A positive diagnosis test for pyridoxine deficiency can be assertained by measuring [[erythrocyte]] levels of [[aspartate aminotransferase]] and transketolase in [[blood plasma|serum]].


== Differential Diagnosis ==  
==Diagnosis==
*Advanced Age
[[Pyridoxine deficiency  history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] |[[Pyridoxine deficiency  chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  CT|CT]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  MRI|MRI]] |  | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
*Alcoholism
*Catabolic state
*[[Celiac Disease]]
*[[Chronic Renal Failure]]
*Drugs- [[Isoniazid]]
*Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
*Hemodialysis
*[[Hepatocellular Carcinoma]]
*[[Hepatitis]]
*Hospitalization
*Hyperoxaluria
*Kidney transplant
*Peritoneal dialysis
*Severe malnutrition <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:310</ref>


==References==
==Treatment==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Pyridoxine deficiency  medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  surgery|Surgery]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Pyridoxine deficiency  future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
[[Pyridoxine deficiency  case study one|Case #1]]


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{{Nutritional pathology}}


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Revision as of 14:03, 3 June 2016

Pyridoxine deficiency Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram |Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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