Cyanosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cyanide poisoning
• Epiglottitis
• Foreign body aspiration
• Hemothorax
• Pulmonary embolism
• Tension pneumothorax

Common Causes

• Birth asphyxia
• High altitude
• Methemoglobinemia
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Tricuspid atresia

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality , Acrocyanosis, Air embolism, Aotic arches defects, Atrial myxoma, Cassirer disease, Complicated ventricular septal defect, Congenitally uncorrected transposition of the great arteries, Cor biloculare, Cor triatrium, Coronary artery anomaly, Critical valvular aortic stenosis, Crocq disease, Deep vein thrombosis, Double outlet right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Erythrocyanosis, Heart attack, Heart failure, HLHC, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypovolemia, Interrupted aortic arch, Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance, Ivemark syndrome, Meadow's syndrome, Mitral atresia in infants, Myocardial infarction, Ostium primum atrial septal defect, Partial atrioventricular canal, Patent ductus arteriosus, Patent foramen ovale, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Peripheral vascular disease, Phlegmasia alba dolens, Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Pulmonary atresia, Pulmonary stenosis, Pulmonary venous return anomaly, Respiratory muscle paralysis, Right ventricle hypoplasia, Shock, Sneddon syndrome, Subpulmonary stenosis, Superior vena cava syndrome, TAPVC, Taussig Bing syndrome, Tetralogy of Fallot, Total anomalous pulmonary venous congestion, Transposition of the great arteries, Tricuspid atresia, Tricuspid stenosis, Truncus arteriosus, Twisted atrioventricular connections, Vascular malposition, Vein of Galen aneurysm, Ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Pulmonary embolism
Chemical / poisoning	Acrodynia, Anchovy , Apple seed, Apricot seed, Bitter almond poisoning, Carbamates, Chronic mercury exposure, Clupeotoxin, Cyanide, Herring poisoning, Hydrogen sulfide, Lantana poisoning, Lead, Organophosphates, Sea snake venom, Silicosis , Silver, Silver iodide, Silver nitrate, Stachybotrys chartarum exposure
Dermatologic	Chromhidrosis
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Acetaminophen and propoxyphene, Amiodarone, Beta blockers, Chloroquine, Codeine, Dapsone, Desmopressin, Dilaudid, Heroin, Hydrocodone, Lortab, Meperidine, Methadone, Metoclopramide, Morphine, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Pentamidine Isethionate, Phenothiazines, Pramipexole, Primaquine , Sulfonamides
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypoadrenalism, Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage, Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism
Environmental	Insect sting allergy, Acrodynia, Chronic mercury exposure, Silicosis , Anthracosis, Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Pneumoconiosis, Shaver's disease, Silicosiderosis, Silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Cirrhosis of liver, Ivemark syndrome
Genetic	Acrofacial dysostosis, Rodriguez type, Adams–Oliver syndrome, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, Anophthalmia - pulmonary hypoplasia, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, Congenital cyanosis, Cystic fibrosis, DiGeorge syndrome, Matthew-Wood syndrome, MCOPS9, Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 , Pierre Robin's syndrome, Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome, Short stature - webbed neck - heart disease, Shprintzen syndorme, Syndromic microphthalmia type 9, Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism, Velocardiofacial syndrome, Polycythemia vera, Vaquez disease, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
Hematologic	Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Methemoglobinemia, Osler-Vaquez disease, Polycythemia vera, Sulfhemoglobinemia, Vaquez disease
Iatrogenic	Iatrogenic pneumothorax , Mendelson's syndrome
Infectious Disease	Bronchiectasis, Croup, Legionnaires disease, Lung abscess, Streptococcal Group B invasive disease , Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Western equine encephalitis, Whooping cough, Pneumonia, Acute histoplasmosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Diaphragmatic paralysis , Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type , Micrognathia, Retrognathia, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia
Neurologic	Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia, Tonic-clonic seizures, Sneddon syndrome, Diaphragmatic paralysis
Nutritional / Metabolic	HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Hypoglycemia, Hypomagnesemia, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Meadow's syndrome, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Birth asphyxia, Meconium aspiration, Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Iron, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Acetaminophen and propoxyphene, Amiodarone, Beta blockers, Chloroquine, Codeine, Dapsone, Dilaudid, Heroin, Hydrocodone, Lortab, Meperidine, Methadone, Metoclopramide, Morphine, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Phenothiazines, Primaquine , Sulfonamides, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Morphine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute histoplasmosis, Acute interstitial pneumonitis, Airway obstruction , Alveolar capillary dysplasia , Anthracosis, Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Birth asphyxia, Bronchiolitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Bronchospasm, Choanal atresia, Chronic bronchitis, Cold exposure, Congenital laryngomalacia, Decreased oxygen saturation , Emphysema, Epiglottitis, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Familial interstitial fibrosis , Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis, Fibrosing alveolitis, Goodpasture syndrome, Hamman-Rich syndrome , Hemothorax, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis , Infantile apnea, Laryngeal cleft, Meconium aspiration, Obstructive sleep apnea, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Pleural effusion, [, Pneumoconiosis, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hemorrhage, Pulmonary hypertension, Respiratory depression, Respiratory distress syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis, Severe asthma, Severe COPD, Shallow breathing, Shaver's disease, Silicosiderosis, Silicosis, Spontaneous pneumothorax, Suffocation, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, Tracheal stenosis syndromes, Tracheoesophageal fistula with out esophageal fistula, Transient tachypnea of the newborn, Unilateral pulmonary agenesis, Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, Vascular rings, Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Pierre Robin's syndrome, Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Croup, Whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Lupus, Raynaud's phenomenon, Insect sting allergy, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Sarcoidosis
Sexual	Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Trauma	Drowning, Flial chest, Head trauma, Penetrating chest wound, Shaken baby syndrome
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Dehydration, High altitude, Hypothermia, Immobility, Mountain sickness, Pseudocyanosis, Sudden infant death syndrome, Suffocation

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality Acetaminophen and hydrocodone Acetaminophen and propoxyphene Acrocyanosis Acrodynia Acrofacial dysostosis, Rodriguez type Acute histoplasmosis Acute interstitial pneumonitis Adams–Oliver syndrome Air embolism Airway obstruction Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome Alveolar capillary dysplasia Amiodarone Anchovy Anophthalmia - pulmonary hypoplasia Anthracosis Aotic arches defects Apple seed Apricot seed Asbestosis Atrial myxoma Berylliosis Beta blockers Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome Birth asphyxia Bitter almond poisoning Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Bronchospasm Carbamates Cassirer disease Chloroquine Choanal atresia Chromhidrosis Chronic bronchitis Chronic mercury exposure Cirrhosis of liver Clupeotoxin Codeine Cold exposure Complicated ventricular septal defect Congenital cyanosis Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Congenital laryngomalacia Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia Congenitally uncorrected transposition of the great arteries Cor biloculare Cor triatrium Coronary artery anomaly Critical valvular aortic stenosis Crocq disease Croup Cyanide Cystic fibrosis Dapsone Decreased oxygen saturation Deep vein thrombosis Dehydration Desmopressin Diaphragmatic paralysis DiGeorge syndrome Dilaudid Double outlet right ventricle Drowning Ebstein anomaly Eisenmenger syndrome Emphysema Epiglottitis Erythrocyanosis Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Familial interstitial fibrosis Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis Fibrosing alveolitis Flial chest Goodpasture syndrome Hamman-Rich syndrome

Head trauma Heart attack Heart failure Hemothorax Heroin Herring poisoning High altitude HLHC HMG-CoA lyase deficiency Hydrocodone Hydrogen sulfide Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Hypoadrenalism Hypoglycemia Hypomagnesemia Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypothermia Hypovolemia Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Iatrogenic pneumothorax Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis Immobility Infantile apnea Insect sting allergy Interrupted aortic arch Intracranial hemorrhage Iron Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance Ivemark syndrome Lantana poisoning Laryngeal cleft Lead Legionnaires disease Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type Lortab Lsaacs' syndrome Lung abscess Lupus Matthew-Wood syndrome MCOPS9 Meadow's syndrome Meconium aspiration Mendelson's syndrome Meperidine Methadone Methemoglobinemia Metoclopramide Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 Micrognathia Mitral atresia in infants Morphine Mountain sickness Myocardial infarction Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage Neuromyotonia Nitrates Nitroglycerin Obstructive sleep apnea Organophosphates Osler-Vaquez disease Ostium primum atrial septal defect Partial atrioventricular canal Patent ductus arteriosus Patent foramen ovale Penetrating chest wound Peripartum cardiomyopathy Peripheral vascular disease Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Phenothiazines Phlegmasia alba dolens Pierre Robin's syndrome Pleural effusion Pneumoconiosis Pneumonia

Pneumothorax Polycythemia vera Primaquine Pseudocyanosis Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas Pulmonary atresia Pulmonary edema Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hemorrhage Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary venous return anomaly Raynaud's phenomenon Respiratory depression Respiratory distress syndrome Respiratory muscle paralysis Retrognathia Right ventricle hypoplasia Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome Sarcoidosis Sea snake venom Sepsis Severe asthma Severe COPD Shaken baby syndrome Shallow breathing Shaver's disease Shock Short stature - webbed neck - heart disease Shprintzen syndorme Silicosiderosis Silicosis Silicosis Silver Silver iodide Silver nitrate Sneddon syndrome Spontaneous pneumothorax Stachybotrys chartarum exposure Streptococcal Group B invasive disease Subpulmonary stenosis Sudden infant death syndrome Suffocation Sulfhemoglobinemia Sulfonamides Superior vena cava syndrome Surfactant metabolism dysfunction Syndromic microphthalmia type 9 TAPVC Taussig Bing syndrome Tetralogy of Fallot Tonic-clonic seizures Total anomalous pulmonary venous congestion Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula Tracheal stenosis syndromes Tracheoesophageal fistula with out esophageal fistula Transient tachypnea of the newborn Transposition of the great arteries Tricuspid atresia Tricuspid stenosis Truncus arteriosus Twisted atrioventricular connections Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism Unilateral pulmonary agenesis Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia Vaquez disease Vascular malposition Vascular rings Vein of Galen aneurysm Velocardiofacial syndrome Ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome Western equine encephalitis Whooping cough