WBR0770: Difference between revisions
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|SubCategory=Oncology | |SubCategory=Oncology | ||
|Prompt=A 48-year-old woman, previously healthy, presents to the physician's office for a left breast lump she noticed on self-exam. She explains that she incidentally palpated the lump during showering. She does not complain of any pain or breast discharge. Following appropriate work-up, she is diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer with ductal histology. Genetic analysis demonstrates a germline c.185delAG frameshift mutation in the BRCA1 gene. When asked, the physician explains the normal function of BRCA1. Which of the following best describes the molecular classification of the BRCA1 gene product? | |Prompt=A 48-year-old woman, previously healthy, presents to the physician's office for a left breast lump she noticed on self-exam. She explains that she incidentally palpated the lump during showering. She does not complain of any pain or breast discharge. Following appropriate work-up, she is diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer with ductal histology. Genetic analysis demonstrates a germline c.185delAG frameshift mutation in the BRCA1 gene. When asked, the physician explains the normal function of BRCA1. Which of the following best describes the molecular classification of the BRCA1 gene product? | ||
|Explanation=BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes that are associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA genes encode DNA repair proteins normally. Hence, their loss in cancers lead to inhibition of synthesis of DNA repair proteins and facilitation of cancer growth. | |Explanation=BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes that are associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA genes encode DNA repair proteins normally. Hence, their loss in cancers lead to inhibition of synthesis of DNA repair proteins and facilitation of cancer growth. | ||
|AnswerA=DNA repair protein | |AnswerA=DNA repair protein | ||
|AnswerAExp=BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose gene product is a DNA repair protein. | |AnswerAExp=BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose gene product is a DNA repair protein. | ||
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|AnswerBExp=Examples of genes that encode transcription factors are C-myc, L-myc, and N-myc, which are oncogenes associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma, respectively. | |AnswerBExp=Examples of genes that encode transcription factors are C-myc, L-myc, and N-myc, which are oncogenes associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma, respectively. | ||
|AnswerC=Tyrosine kinase | |AnswerC=Tyrosine kinase | ||
|AnswerCExp=Examples of genes that encode tyrosine kinase are abl, | |AnswerCExp=Examples of genes that encode tyrosine kinase are abl, HER2/neu, and ret oncogenes, which are associated with CML, breast cancer, and MEN II syndromes, respectively. | ||
|AnswerD=GTPase | |AnswerD=GTPase | ||
|AnswerDExp=An example of a gene that encodes GTPase is ras oncogene that is associated with colon cancer. | |AnswerDExp=An example of a gene that encodes GTPase is ras oncogene that is associated with colon cancer. | ||
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|AnswerEExp=An example of a gene that encodes a cytokine receptor is c-kit oncogene that is associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) | |AnswerEExp=An example of a gene that encodes a cytokine receptor is c-kit oncogene that is associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) | ||
|EducationalObjectives=BRCA tumor suppressor genes encode DNA repair proteins. | |EducationalObjectives=BRCA tumor suppressor genes encode DNA repair proteins. | ||
|References=First Aid 2015 page 236 | |References=John, E. M., Miron, A., Gong, G., Phipps, A. I., Felberg, A., Li, F. P., ... & Whittemore, A. S. (2007). Prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers in 5 US racial/ethnic groups. Jama, 298(24), 2869-2876.<br> | ||
First Aid 2015 page 236 | |||
|RightAnswer=A | |RightAnswer=A | ||
|WBRKeyword=Breast, Cancer, Breast cancer, Oncogene, Tumor, Tumor suppressor, Tumor Suppressor gene, Genetics, DNA, DNA repair, BRCA1, BRCA2 | |WBRKeyword=Breast, Cancer, Breast cancer, Oncogene, Tumor, Tumor suppressor, Tumor Suppressor gene, Genetics, DNA, DNA repair, BRCA1, BRCA2 | ||
|Approved= | |Approved=Yes | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 02:33, 21 January 2015
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1] (Reviewed by Will Gibson)]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Genetics |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::Oncology |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::A 48-year-old woman, previously healthy, presents to the physician's office for a left breast lump she noticed on self-exam. She explains that she incidentally palpated the lump during showering. She does not complain of any pain or breast discharge. Following appropriate work-up, she is diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer with ductal histology. Genetic analysis demonstrates a germline c.185delAG frameshift mutation in the BRCA1 gene. When asked, the physician explains the normal function of BRCA1. Which of the following best describes the molecular classification of the BRCA1 gene product?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::DNA repair protein |
| Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose gene product is a DNA repair protein. |
| Answer B | AnswerB::Transcription factor |
| Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::Examples of genes that encode transcription factors are C-myc, L-myc, and N-myc, which are oncogenes associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, lung cancer, and neuroblastoma, respectively. |
| Answer C | AnswerC::Tyrosine kinase |
| Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::Examples of genes that encode tyrosine kinase are abl, HER2/neu, and ret oncogenes, which are associated with CML, breast cancer, and MEN II syndromes, respectively. |
| Answer D | AnswerD::GTPase |
| Answer D Explanation | AnswerDExp::An example of a gene that encodes GTPase is ras oncogene that is associated with colon cancer. |
| Answer E | AnswerE::Cytokine receptor |
| Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::An example of a gene that encodes a cytokine receptor is c-kit oncogene that is associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::A |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes that are associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA genes encode DNA repair proteins normally. Hence, their loss in cancers lead to inhibition of synthesis of DNA repair proteins and facilitation of cancer growth. Educational Objective: BRCA tumor suppressor genes encode DNA repair proteins. |
| Approved | Approved::Yes |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Breast, WBRKeyword::Cancer, WBRKeyword::Breast cancer, WBRKeyword::Oncogene, WBRKeyword::Tumor, WBRKeyword::Tumor suppressor, WBRKeyword::Tumor Suppressor gene, WBRKeyword::Genetics, WBRKeyword::DNA, WBRKeyword::DNA repair, WBRKeyword::BRCA1, WBRKeyword::BRCA2 |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |