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Revision as of 14:57, 23 January 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2], Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [3]

Overview

The types of drugs that can cause drug allergies vary. Drugs containing sulfa are common in causing drug allergy reactions. Other common drugs implicated in leading to an allergic reaction are antibiotics, insulin, and iodinated drugs.

Causes

Common Causes

When a medication causes an allergic reaction, it is called an allergen. The following is a short list of the most common drug allergens

Antibiotics
Analgesics
- Codeine
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Anticonvulsives
- Dilantin
- Tegretol

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Effect	Abatacept, Abciximab, Acebutolol, Acetazolamide, Acetylcysteine, Acyclovir, Adalimumab, Adapalene, Adenosine, Albuterol, Alendronate, Aliskiren, Allopurinol, Alteplase, Amifostine, Amiloride, Aminocaproic acid, Amiodarone, Amlodipine, Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan, Anastrozole, Antihemophilic factor, Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, Antithrombin III, Argatroban, Aripiprazole, Armodafinil, Atazanavir, Atenolol, Atomoxetine, Atorvastatin calcium, Barbiturates, Benazepril, Bendamustine, Benoxaprofen, Betaxolol, Bevacizumab, Bisoprolol, Botulinum toxin, Brentuximab vedotin, Brimonidine, Brinzolamide, Budesonide And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate, Bumetanide, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride, Cabergoline, Captopril, Carbamazepine, Carbidopa and Levodopa, Carteolol, Carvedilol, Cefdinir, Celecoxib, Cephalosporins, Cetuximab, Chlorambucil, Chlormezanone, Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Cholestyramine, Ciclosporin, Cilostazol, Ciprofloxacin and Dexamethasone, Citalopram Hydrobromide, Clindamycin, Clonidine, Clopidogrel, Coagulation factor VIIa, Codeine, Colestipol, Conivaptan, Cyclobenzaprine, Cyclophosphamide, Dabigatran, Dalteparin, Danazol, Daptomycin, Darbepoetin Alfa, Darifenacin, Dasatinib, Denosumab, Desirudin, Desvenlafaxine, Dexamethasone, Dexlansoprazole, Dexmethylphenidate, Diazoxide, Diclofenac, Diclofenamide, Dofetilide, Digoxin, Digoxin immune fab, Diltiazem, Donepezil, Dipyridamole, Disopyramide, Dobutamine, Dorzolamide, Doxycycline Hyclate, Dronedarone, Duloxetine, Dutasteride, Dutasteride and Tamsulosin hydrochloride, Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, Enalapril maleate, Enoxaparin, Epoetin alfa, Eprosartan, Eptifibatide, Erlotinib, Erythropoietin, Esmolol, Esomeprazole, Eszopiclone, Etanercept, Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Vaginal Ring, Ethacrynic acid, Ethambutol, Ethotoin, Etodolac, Etravirine, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe, Ezetimibe And Simvastatin, Factor IX complex, Felodipine, Fenofibrate, Fenoldopam, Filgrastim, Flecainide, Fluconazole, Fluphenazine, Fluticasone, Fluticasone and Salmeterol, Fluvastatin, Fondaparinux, Fosamprenavir, Fosinopril, Glimepiride, Glyburide and Metformin, Gold, HPV Vaccine, Hydrocodone bitartrate and Homatropine methylbromide, Ibandronic acid, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Ibuprofen, Imiquimod, Interferon beta-1b, Ipilimumab, Insulin, Insulin glulisine, Interferon beta-1a, Ipratropium Bromide And Albuterol, Irbesartan, Isoniazid, Isotretinoin, Ketorolac tromethamine Lamotrigine, Leflunomide, Lenalidomide, levetiracetam, Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol, Linagliptin, Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Mesalamine, Metformin, Methimazole, Methotrexate, Methyldopa, Methylphenidate, Metronidazole, Mirabegron, Moxifloxacin, Mupirocin, Mycophenolate, Nafarelin, Naproxen sodium, Nebivolol, Nevirapine, Nitrofurantoin, Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol, Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol, NSAIDs, Nystatin, Ofloxacin, Oxycodone, Oxytocin, Pantoprazole, Paroxetine, Pemetrexed, Penicillamine, Pentosan polysulfate, Phenacetin, Phenobarbitol, Phenylbutazone, Piroxicam, Prochlorperazine, Progesterone, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride, Phenytoin, Pioglitazone, Potassium chloride, Primidone, Procainamide, Quinidine, Rifabutin, Risedronate, Rosiglitazone, Rosuvastatin, Sorafenib, Streptomycin, Sulfacetamide sodium And Prednisolone acetate, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonamide, Sulfonylurea, Sumatriptan, Suramin, Tacrolimus, Tamoxifen, Terbinafine, Tetracycline, Thiabendazole, Thioacetazone, Tolterodine, Tretinoin, Triamcinolone, Valsartan, Vancomycin, Vandetanib, Varenicline, Zaleplon, Zanamivir, Zidovudine, Zolpidem, Zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes by Specific Allergic Reactions^[1]^[2]

Cutaneous reactions	Clinical features	Implicated medications
Exanthems	▸ Delayed-type hypersensitivity ▸ Evolve over days after drug initiation ▸ Diffuse macules and papules	Allopurinol, Amlodipine, Amphotericin, Barbiturates, Captopril, carbamazepine, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, Digoxin, Erythromycin, Furosemide, gentamicin, Glipizide, gold salts, Lithium, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Penicillins, Phenothiazines, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, Thiazides
Urticaria/ angioedema	▸ Often IgE mediated ▸ Onset within minutes of drug initiation	Abatacept, ACE inhibitors, Acetylcysteine, Acyclovir, Adalimumab, Albuterol, Alendronate, Aliskiren, Alteplase, Aminosalicylic acid, Amlodipine, Amlodipine and Benazepril, Anastrozole, Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, Anticonvulsants, Antihemophilic factor, Antithrombin III, Aripiprazole, Armodafinil, Aspirin, Atomoxetine, Atropine, Beclometasone dipropionate, Benazepril, Budesonide And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate, Captopril, Carbidopa and Levodopa, Carvedilol, Celecoxib, cephalosporins, Cetuximab, Cholestyramine, Ciclosporin, Cisplatin, Clomifene, Clonidine, Clopidogrel, Colestipol, Cyclobenzaprine, Darbepoetin Alfa, Darifenacin, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Denosumab, desvenlafaxine, Dexamethasone, Dexlansoprazole, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextran, Diflunisal, Digoxin immune fab, Dofetilide, Donepezil, Dutasteride, Dutasteride and Tamsulosin hydrochloride, Enalapril maleate, Enoxaparin, Epoetin alfa, Erythropoietin, Esomeprazole, Eszopiclone, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe, Factor IX complex, Febuxostat, Felodipine, Fesoterodine, Filgrastim, Fluoxetine, Fluphenazine, Fluticasone, Fosinopril, Frovatriptan, Gemfibrozil, Gentamicin, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glyburide, Heparin, Hydralazine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hyoscyamine, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Interferon beta-1a, Ipratropium bromide, Ipratropium Bromide And Albuterol, Irbesartan, Isotretinoin, Isradipine, Lamotrigine, Levalbuterol, Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol, Levothyroxine, Linagliptin, Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride, Liraglutide, Lisinopril, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Loperamide, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Medroxyprogesterone, Minocycline hydrochloride, Moxifloxacin ophthalmic, Mupirocin, Losartan, Meloxicam, Metaxalone, Methimazole, Methocarbamol, Methylphenidate, Metoclopramide, Metolazone, Mirabegron, Modafinil, Moexipril hydrochloride, Monoclonal antibodies, Moxifloxacin, Nabumetone, Nafarelin, Naltrexone, Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, Nisoldipine, Nitrofurantoin, Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol, NSAIDs, Ofloxacin, Olmesartan, Omalizumab, Opioids, Orphenadrine, Oxcarbazepine, Oxycodone, Pantoprazole, Pegfilgrastim, Penicillins, Pentamidine Isethionate, Pentoxifylline, Perindopril, Phentermine, Pramipexole, Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Rifaximin, Saxagliptin, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride, Sertraline, Pitavastatin, Procainamide, Rizatriptan, Quinidine sulfate, Quinine, Ramipril, Ranolazine, Repaglinide, Risedronate, Rosuvastatin, Sitagliptin, Sulfonamides, Sumatriptan, Tenofovir, Tetracyclines, Thalidomide, Thiouracil, Ticlopidine, Tizanidine, Tocilizumab, Tolterodine, Tubocurarine, Ustekinumab, Valacyclovir, Valsartan, Vancomycin, Vardenafil, Varenicline, Zaleplon, Zolmitriptan, Zolpidem
Fixed drug eruption	▸ Hyperpigmented plaques that recur at same skin or mucosal site	ACE inhibitors, adalimumab, allopurinol, amlodipine, aspirin, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, cephalosporins, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, dextromethorphan, diltiazem, fluconazole, lamotrigine, lansoprazole, metronidazole, NSAIDs, paclitaxel, paracetamol, penicillin, phenolphthalein, omeprazole, quinine, salicylates, sulfonamides, terbinafine, tetracyclines, trimethoprim
Pustules	▸ Acute generalized eczematous pustulosis or acneiform rash	antibiotics, calcium-channel blockers, corticosteroids, sirolimus,Fluticasone,Erlotinib
Bullous	▸ Flaccid or tense blisters	Argatroban, Bendamustine, Captopril, Carbidopa and Levodopa, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Penicillamine, Furosemide, Risedronate, Vancomycin,Abciximab，Warfarin, Topiramate，Linezolid,Mirtazapine，Dapsone, Allopurinol,Captopril ，Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide,Clopidogrel,Erlotinib,Fosinopril, Ibuprofen, Imatinib,Indapamide,Risedronate,Zolpidem,Dasatinib,Minoxidil,Labetalol,Phenytoin,Dalteparin,Bendamustine,Tinzaparin,Tamoxifen,clarithromycin,Atorvastatin calcium,Caduet,Ticarcillin/Clavulanate,Terbinafine,Quinine,Nevirapine,Topiramate,Perindopril,Moexipril/Hydrochlorothiazide, Naproxen sodium
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus	▸ Erythematous/scaly plaques in photodistribution	Hydrochlorothiazide, calcium-channel blockers, ACEIs
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)	▸ Purpuric macules on face and trunk with <10% epidermal detachment, fever, stomatitis, ocular involvement	Antibiotics, Acetazolamide, Acyclovir, Alendronate, Armodafinil, Atazanavir, Barbiturates, Bendamustine, Β-lactam antibiotics, Brinzolamide, Carbamazepine, Carvedilol, Celecoxib, Chlorpropamide, Co-trimoxazole, Darunavir, Diflunisal, Dorzolamide, Duloxetine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Erlotinib, Escitalopram, Etodolac, Fenofibrate, Glimepiride, Gold, H2 Antagonists, Histamine, Hydroxychloroquine, Indapamide, Indomethacin, Isotretinoin, Ketorolac tromethamine, Lamotrigine, Leflunomide, levetiracetam,Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Macrolides, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Metolazone, Mefloquine, Methotrexate, Mexiletine, Minocycline hydrochloride, Minoxidil, Mirabegron, Modafinil, Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, Piroxicam, Moxifloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, NSAIDS, Ofloxacin, Olmesartan medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide, Oxcarbazepine, Phenothiazines, Phenytoin, Rifampicin, Rivaroxaban, Simvastatin, Sitagliptin, Spironolactone, sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate, Sulfonamides, Tadalafil, Tetracyclines, Thalidomide, Thiazides, Ticlopidine, Varenicline, Zidovudine
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)	▸ Similar to SJS but >30% epidermal detachment	Acetazolamide, Acyclovir, Alendronate, Allopurinol, Armodafinil, Atazanavir, Barbiturates, Bendamustine, Brinzolamide, Carbamazepine, Celecoxib, Diflunisal, Dorzolamide, Erlotinib, Escitalopram, Etodolac, Finasteride, Gold, Griseofulvin, Indapamide, Indomethacin, Isotretinoin, Ketorolac tromethamine, Lamotrigine, Leflunomide, levetiracetam, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Methotrexate, Metolazone, Minocycline hydrochloride, Modafinil, Moxifloxacin, Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, Nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, Ofloxacin, Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide, Oxcarbazepine, Penicillins, Phenytoin, Piroxicam, Salicylates, Sitagliptin, Spironolactone, Sulfacetamide sodium And Prednisolone acetate, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, Thalidomide

Organ-specific reactions	Clinical features	Implicated medications
Pulmonary	▸ Pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis	Nitrofurantoin, bleomycin, Cabergoline, Cetuximab, Desvenlafaxine, Dronedarone, Erlotinib, Hydrochlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Methotrexate, Amiodarone, Moxifloxacin
Hepatic	▸ Hepatitis, cholestasis	Acetazolamide, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Brinzolamide, Dorzolamide, Ofloxacin, Sulfacetamide sodium And Prednisolone acetate, sulfonamides, phenothiazines
Renal	▸ Interstitial nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis	Ofloxacin, Penicillin, sulfonamides, gold, penicillamine, allopurinol
Hematologic	▸ Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia	▸ Hemolytic anemia — 5-Azacytidine, Acetophenazine, Aclarubicin, Actinomycin D, Albendazole, Alemtuzumab, Aminopyrine, Amitriptyline, Amodiaquine, Anakinra, Antipyrine, Azathioprine, Bevacizumab, Bortezomib, Captopril, Carbimazole, Caspofungin, Chloramphenicol, Chlorpromazine, Ciclosporin, Cidofovir, Cilazapril, Clofarabine, Clozapine, Deferiprone, Desipramine, Docetaxel, Dothiepin, Doxorubicin, Eflornithine, Ethosuximide, Erlotinib, Ethotoin, Flucytosine, Fludarabine, Fondaparinux, Ganciclovir, Gemcitabine, Glimepiride, Glyburide, Glyburide and Metformin, Gold salts, Hydroxycarbamide, Hypersplenism, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Idarubicin, Imatinib mesylate, Interferon alpha, Interferon beta, Irinotecan, Isoniazid, Levomepromazine, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Mercaptopurine, Methimazole, Mirtazapine, Mitoxantrone, Nortriptyline, Ofloxacin, Paclitaxel, Penicillamine, Pentamidine, Pentostatin, Perazine, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Pipothiazine, Procainamide, Propylthiouracil, Pyrimethamine, Quinidine, Remoxipride, Riluzole, Stiripentol, Sulfasalazine, Sulphonamides, Ticlopidine, Topotecan, Trastuzumab, Trimetrexate, Valganciclovir, Zidovudine, Zileuton ▸ Thrombocytopenia — Abciximab, Aldesleukin, Amobarbital, Amrinone, Armodafinil, Capreomycin, Carboplatin, Cefotaxime, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Ceftizoxime, Chloramphenicol, Chlorpropamide, Ciclosporin, Cinoxacin, Claforan, Diabinese, Digoxin, Disopyramide, Enoxaparin, Eptifibatide, Erlotinib, Estrogens, Ethanol, Exna, Fondaparinux, Glyburide, Heparin, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Ofloxacin, Paraplatin, Phenylbutazone, Procainamide, Proleukin, Rifabutin, Secobarbital, Sulfonamides, Thiazides, Tuinal ▸ Granulocytopenia — Acetazolamide, Aripiprazole, Benzthiazide, Bortezomib, Brinzolamide, Bumetanide, Capecitabine, Captopril, Carbamazepine, Ceftazidime, Celecoxib, Chlorpropamide, Dapsone, Diabinese, Disopyramide, Dorzolamide, Enalapril maleate, Exna, Fosinopril, Fortaz, Glyburide, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Ofloxacin, Penicillin, quinine, Rifabutin, salicylate, Sulfacetamide sodium And Prednisolone acetate, sulfonamides

Multiorgan reactions	Clinical features	Implicated medications
Anaphylaxis	▸ Urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypotension	Abatacept, Abciximab, Acebutolol, Acetazolamide, Acetylcysteine, Albuterol, Aliskiren, Alteplase, Amlodipine and Benazepril, Aminocaproic acid, Anastrozole, Antihemophilic factor, Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, Aripiprazole, Armodafinil, Atomoxetine, Beclometasone dipropionate, β-lactam antibiotics, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Bivalirudin, Bortezomib, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride, monoclonal antibodies, adalimumab, Benazepril, Bendamustine, Captopril, Carteolol, Carvedilol, Celecoxib, Ciclosporin, Ciprofloxacin and Dexamethasone, Cisplatin, Clopidogrel, Cyclobenzaprine, Cyclophosphamide, Dabigatran, Dalteparin, Daptomycin, Darbepoetin Alfa, Denosumab, Desirudin, Dexamethasone, Dexlansoprazole, Dexmethylphenidate, Diflunisal, Digoxin, Digoxin immune fab, Dobutamine, Enalapril maleate, Enoxaparin, epoetin alfa, Erythropoietin, Esmolol, Esomeprazole, Eszopiclone, Etanercept, Ethambutol, Etodolac, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe, Factor IX complex, Fenoldopam, Fluconazole, Fluoxetine, Fluphenazine, Fluticasone, Fondaparinux, Furosemide, Glimepiride, Glucagon, Heparin, HPV Vaccine, Hyoscyamine, Ibandronic acid, Infliximab, Insulin glargine, Insulin glulisine, Insulin lispro, Interferon beta-1a, Interferon beta-1b, Ipratropium Bromide And Albuterol, Isotretinoin, Ketorolac tromethamine, Labetalol, Levalbuterol, Lepirudin, Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol, Linagliptin, Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Loperamide, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Metaxalone, Methylphenidate, Methyltestosterone, Metoclopramide, Minocycline hydrochloride, Modafinil, Moxifloxacin, Mupirocin, Nabumetone, Nadolol, Nebivolol, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin, Olmesartan, Omalizumab, Ondansetron, Oxytocin, Penbutolol, Pindolol, Prochlorperazine, Propranolol, Progesterone, Protamine, Rituximab, Rivaroxaban, Saxagliptin, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride, Solifenacin, Sumatriptan, Tinzaparin, Tocilizumab, Trastuzumab, Triamcinolone, Triamterene, Urokinase, Valganciclovir hydrochloride, Zaleplon, Zanamivir, Zidovudine, Zolpidem
Systemic lupus erythematosus	▸ Arthralgia, myalgias, fever, malaise	Armodafinil, Hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, propafenone, Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol
Vasculitis	▸ Cutaneous or visceral vasculitis	Allopurinol, aspirin, β-lactam antibiotics, carbamazepine, carbimazole, co-trimoxazole, diltiazem, erythromycin, gold, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Hydralazine, interferons, methotrexate, minocycline, NSAIDs, penicillamine, propylthiouracil, retinoids, sulfasalazine, sulfonamides, thiazides, thrombolytics, Adalimumab, Amiodarone, Cefdinir, Methyldopa, Amoxapine, Moxifloxacin, Fluticasone, Acyclovir, Allopurinol, Amlodipine, Bortezomib, Captopril, Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Clopidogrel, Delavirdine, Enalapril maleate, Filgrastim, Fosinopril, Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide,,Imatinib, Isotretinoin, Lisinopril, Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide, Losartan, Lovastatin, Methyclothiazide, Metolazone, Ofloxacin, Pravastatin, Prazosin, Ramipril, Abatacept, Spironolactone, Spironolactone/Hydrochlorothiazide, Ticlopidine, Valsartan, Colchicine, Quinidine, Quinidine gluconate, Dronedarone, Enoxaparin, Thiazide, Fluticasone/salmeterol, Infliximab, Sitagliptin, Enalaprilat, Fluoxetine, Glyburide, Hydrochloride, Hydroflumethiazide, Polythiazide, Valaciclovir, Simvastatin, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, Methylphenidate, Mirabegron, Dexlansoprazole, Sumatriptan, Bisoprolol, Rituximab, Aggrenox, Penicillin G, Norfloxacin, Isoniazid, Penicillin G procaine, Famciclovir, Cefuroxime, Rifampin isoniazid, Rifampin, Interferon alfa-2a, Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium, Interferon alfa-2a, Pegylated interferon alfa-2a, vancomycin, Atovaquone proguanil, Terbinafine, Indinavir, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, Lamivudine zidovudine, Interferon alfa-2b, Gemifloxacin mesylate, Pentamidine Isethionate, Abacavir lamivudine zidovudine, Nitrofurantoin, Zidovudine, Quinine Sulfate, Valproic acid, Divalproex, Niacin/Simvastatin, Ezetimibe/Simvastatin, Felodipine, Fosinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide, Moexipril/Hydrochlorothiazide, Quinapril/Hydrochlorothiazide, Enalapril maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide, Enalapril/Felodipine, Perindopril ,Fluvastatin, Diltiazem, Metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide, Nebivolol, Amiodarone, Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide, Amlodipine Besylate, Divalproex, Pioglitazone/Glimepiride, Aspirin/Dipyridamole
Serum sickness	▸ Urticaria, arthralgia, fever	Heterologous antibodies, infliximab, Cefdinir, Bupropion, Levothyroxine, Tetracycline hydrochloride, Antivenom, Glatiramer acetate, Antivenin,,Measles, Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, Novobiocin, Epinephrine, Omalizumab, Rituximab, Immunosuppressive drug, Digoxin, Levothyroxine, Ciprofloxacin, Cefprozil, Cefaclor, Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ofloxacin, Penicillin G benzathine, Ampicillin, Ceftibuten, Cefpodoxime, Terbinafine, Gemifloxacin, Metronidazole, Cefadroxil, Doxycycline, Levofloxacin, Minocycline, Moxifloxacin, Sulfadiazine, Lincomycin, Sulfamethoxazole
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)	▸ Cutaneous eruption, fever, eosinophilia, hepatic dysfunction, lymphadenopathy	Allopurinol, anticonvulsants, Armodafinil, atazanavir, Carbamazepine, minocycline, sulfonamides, spironolactone

References

↑ Khan, David A. (2010-02). "Drug allergy". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2 Suppl 2): –126-137. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.028. ISSN 1097-6825. PMID 20176256. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Lee, Anne (2006). Adverse drug reactions. London Chicago: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0853696012.

[1] Khan, David A. (2010-02). "Drug allergy". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2 Suppl 2): –126-137. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.028. ISSN 1097-6825. PMID 20176256. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2] Lee, Anne (2006). Adverse drug reactions. London Chicago: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0853696012.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 429: / Line 429: @@
 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px 5px; font-weight: bold;" valign=top | Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | ▸ Purpuric macules on face and trunk with &lt;10% epidermal detachment, fever, stomatitis, ocular involvement
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | [[Antibiotics]], [[Acetazolamide]], [[Acyclovir]], [[Alendronate]], [[Armodafinil]],  [[Atazanavir]], [[Barbiturates]], [[Bendamustine]], [[Beta-lactam|Β-lactam antibiotics]], [[Brinzolamide]], [[Carbamazepine]], [[Carvedilol]], [[Celecoxib]], [[Chlorpropamide]], [[Co-trimoxazole]], [[Darunavir]], [[Diflunisal]], [[Dorzolamide]], [[Duloxetine]], [[efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate]], [[Erlotinib]], [[Escitalopram]], [[Etodolac]], [[Fenofibrate]], [[Glimepiride]], [[Gold]], [[H2 Antagonist]]s, [[Histamine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Ketorolac tromethamine]], [[Lamotrigine]], [[Leflunomide]], [[levetiracetam]],[[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Macrolides]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[Meloxicam]], [[Metolazone]], [[Mefloquine]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Mexiletine]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Minoxidil]], [[Modafinil]], [[Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]], [[Piroxicam]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[NSAIDS]], [[Ofloxacin]],  [[Olmesartan medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Rivaroxaban]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Spironolactone]], [[sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tadalafil]], [[Tetracyclines]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Thiazides]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Varenicline]],  [[Zidovudine]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | [[Antibiotics]], [[Acetazolamide]], [[Acyclovir]], [[Alendronate]], [[Armodafinil]],  [[Atazanavir]], [[Barbiturates]], [[Bendamustine]], [[Beta-lactam|Β-lactam antibiotics]], [[Brinzolamide]], [[Carbamazepine]], [[Carvedilol]], [[Celecoxib]], [[Chlorpropamide]], [[Co-trimoxazole]], [[Darunavir]], [[Diflunisal]], [[Dorzolamide]], [[Duloxetine]], [[efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate]], [[Erlotinib]], [[Escitalopram]], [[Etodolac]], [[Fenofibrate]], [[Glimepiride]], [[Gold]], [[H2 Antagonist]]s, [[Histamine]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]], [[Indapamide]], [[Indomethacin]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Ketorolac tromethamine]], [[Lamotrigine]], [[Leflunomide]], [[levetiracetam]],[[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Macrolides]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[Meloxicam]], [[Metolazone]], [[Mefloquine]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Mexiletine]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Minoxidil]], [[Mirabegron]], [[Modafinil]], [[Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]], [[Piroxicam]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[NSAIDS]], [[Ofloxacin]],  [[Olmesartan medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Rivaroxaban]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Spironolactone]], [[sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tadalafil]], [[Tetracyclines]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Thiazides]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Varenicline]],  [[Zidovudine]]
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 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px 5px; font-weight: bold;" valign=top | Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
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 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px 5px; font-weight: bold;" valign=top | Vasculitis
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | ▸ Cutaneous or visceral vasculitis
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | [[Allopurinol]], [[aspirin]], [[Beta-lactam|β-lactam antibiotics]], [[carbamazepine]], [[carbimazole]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[diltiazem]], [[erythromycin]], [[gold]], [[G-CSF]], [[GM-CSF]], [[Hydralazine]], [[interferons]], [[methotrexate]], [[minocycline]], [[NSAIDs]], [[penicillamine]], [[propylthiouracil]], [[retinoids]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulfonamides]], [[thiazides]], [[thrombolytics]], [[Adalimumab]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Cefdinir]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Amoxapine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Fluticasone]], [[Acyclovir]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Amlodipine]], [[Bortezomib]], [[Captopril]], [[Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Chlorothiazide]], [[Chlorthalidone]], [[Clopidogrel]], [[Delavirdine]], [[Enalapril maleate]], [[Filgrastim]], [[Fosinopril]], [[Furosemide]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]],,[[Imatinib]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Lisinopril]], [[Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Losartan]], [[Lovastatin]], [[Methyclothiazide]], [[Metolazone]], [[Ofloxacin]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Prazosin]], [[Ramipril]], [[Abatacept]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Spironolactone/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Valsartan]], [[Colchicine]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinidine gluconate]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Enoxaparin]], [[Thiazide]], [[Fluticasone/salmeterol]], [[Infliximab]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Enalaprilat]], [[Fluoxetine]], [[Glyburide]], [[Hydrochloride]], [[Hydroflumethiazide]], [[Polythiazide]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Dexlansoprazole]], [[Sumatriptan]], [[Bisoprolol]], [[Rituximab]], [[Aggrenox]], [[Penicillin G]], [[Norfloxacin]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Penicillin G procaine]], [[Famciclovir]], [[Cefuroxime]], [[Rifampin isoniazid]], [[Rifampin]], [[Interferon alfa-2a]], [[Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium]], [[Interferon alfa-2a]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2a]], [[vancomycin]], [[Atovaquone proguanil]], [[Terbinafine]], [[Indinavir]], [[Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride]], [[Lamivudine zidovudine]], [[Interferon alfa-2b]], [[Gemifloxacin mesylate]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Abacavir lamivudine zidovudine]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Zidovudine]], [[Quinine Sulfate]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Divalproex]], [[Niacin/Simvastatin]], [[Ezetimibe/Simvastatin]], [[Felodipine]], [[Fosinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Moexipril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Quinapril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Enalapril maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Enalapril/Felodipine]], [[Perindopril]] ,[[Fluvastatin]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Nebivolol]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Amlodipine Besylate]], [[Divalproex]], [[Pioglitazone/Glimepiride]], [[Aspirin/Dipyridamole]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px 5px;" valign=top | [[Allopurinol]], [[aspirin]], [[Beta-lactam|β-lactam antibiotics]], [[carbamazepine]], [[carbimazole]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[diltiazem]], [[erythromycin]], [[gold]], [[G-CSF]], [[GM-CSF]], [[Hydralazine]], [[interferons]], [[methotrexate]], [[minocycline]], [[NSAIDs]], [[penicillamine]], [[propylthiouracil]], [[retinoids]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulfonamides]], [[thiazides]], [[thrombolytics]], [[Adalimumab]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Cefdinir]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Amoxapine]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Fluticasone]], [[Acyclovir]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Amlodipine]], [[Bortezomib]], [[Captopril]], [[Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Chlorothiazide]], [[Chlorthalidone]], [[Clopidogrel]], [[Delavirdine]], [[Enalapril maleate]], [[Filgrastim]], [[Fosinopril]], [[Furosemide]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]],,[[Imatinib]], [[Isotretinoin]], [[Lisinopril]], [[Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Losartan]], [[Lovastatin]], [[Methyclothiazide]], [[Metolazone]], [[Ofloxacin]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Prazosin]], [[Ramipril]], [[Abatacept]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Spironolactone/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Ticlopidine]], [[Valsartan]], [[Colchicine]], [[Quinidine]], [[Quinidine gluconate]], [[Dronedarone]], [[Enoxaparin]], [[Thiazide]], [[Fluticasone/salmeterol]], [[Infliximab]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Enalaprilat]], [[Fluoxetine]], [[Glyburide]], [[Hydrochloride]], [[Hydroflumethiazide]], [[Polythiazide]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mirabegron]], [[Dexlansoprazole]], [[Sumatriptan]], [[Bisoprolol]], [[Rituximab]], [[Aggrenox]], [[Penicillin G]], [[Norfloxacin]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Penicillin G procaine]], [[Famciclovir]], [[Cefuroxime]], [[Rifampin isoniazid]], [[Rifampin]], [[Interferon alfa-2a]], [[Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium]], [[Interferon alfa-2a]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2a]], [[vancomycin]], [[Atovaquone proguanil]], [[Terbinafine]], [[Indinavir]], [[Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride]], [[Lamivudine zidovudine]], [[Interferon alfa-2b]], [[Gemifloxacin mesylate]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Abacavir lamivudine zidovudine]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Zidovudine]], [[Quinine Sulfate]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Divalproex]], [[Niacin/Simvastatin]], [[Ezetimibe/Simvastatin]], [[Felodipine]], [[Fosinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Moexipril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Quinapril/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Enalapril maleate/Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Enalapril/Felodipine]], [[Perindopril]] ,[[Fluvastatin]], [[Diltiazem]], [[Metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Nebivolol]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Amlodipine Besylate]], [[Divalproex]], [[Pioglitazone/Glimepiride]], [[Aspirin/Dipyridamole]]
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 | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px 5px; font-weight: bold;" valign=top | Serum sickness