Cyanosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cyanide poisoning
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Epiglottitis
• Ethylene glycol
• Foreign body aspiration
• Hemothorax
• Malathion
• Myocardial infarction
• Parathion
• Pulmonary embolism
• Tension pneumothorax

Common Causes

• Birth asphyxia
• High altitude
• Methemoglobinemia
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Tricuspid atresia

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality , Acrocyanosis, Air embolism, Aotic arches defects, Atrial myxoma, Cassirer disease, Complicated ventricular septal defect, Congenitally uncorrected transposition of the great arteries, Cor biloculare, Cor triatrium, Coronary artery anomaly, Critical valvular aortic stenosis, Crocq disease, Deep vein thrombosis, Double outlet right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Erythrocyanosis, Heart attack, Heart failure, HLHC, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypovolemia, Interrupted aortic arch, Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance, Ivemark syndrome, Meadow's syndrome, Mitral atresia in infants, Myocardial infarction, Ostium primum atrial septal defect, Partial atrioventricular canal, Patent ductus arteriosus, Patent foramen ovale, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Peripheral vascular disease, Phlegmasia alba dolens, Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Pulmonary atresia, Pulmonary stenosis, Pulmonary venous return anomaly, Respiratory muscle paralysis, Right ventricle hypoplasia, Shock, Sneddon syndrome, Subpulmonary stenosis, Superior vena cava syndrome, TAPVC, Taussig Bing syndrome, Tetralogy of Fallot, Total anomalous pulmonary venous congestion, Transposition of the great arteries, Tricuspid atresia, Tricuspid stenosis, Truncus arteriosus, Twisted atrioventricular connections, Vascular malposition, Vein of Galen aneurysm, Ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Pulmonary embolism
Chemical / poisoning	Acrodynia, Anchovy , Apple seed, Apricot seed, Bitter almond poisoning, Carbamates, Chronic mercury exposure, Clupeotoxin, Cyanide, Herring poisoning, Hydrogen sulfide, Lantana poisoning, Lead, Organophosphates, Sea snake venom, Silicosis , Silver, Silver iodide, Silver nitrate, Stachybotrys chartarum exposure
Dermatologic	Chromhidrosis
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Acetaminophen and propoxyphene, Amiodarone, Beta blockers, Chloroquine, Codeine, Dapsone, Desmopressin, Dilaudid, Heroin, Hydrocodone, Lortab, Meperidine, Methadone, Metoclopramide, Morphine, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Pentamidine Isethionate, Phenothiazines, Pramipexole, Primaquine , Sulfonamides
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypoadrenalism, Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage, Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism
Environmental	Insect sting allergy, Acrodynia, Chronic mercury exposure, Silicosis , Anthracosis, Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Pneumoconiosis, Shaver's disease, Silicosiderosis, Silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Cirrhosis of liver, Ivemark syndrome
Genetic	Acrofacial dysostosis, Rodriguez type, Adams–Oliver syndrome, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, Anophthalmia - pulmonary hypoplasia, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, Congenital cyanosis, Cystic fibrosis, DiGeorge syndrome, Matthew-Wood syndrome, MCOPS9, Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 , Pierre Robin's syndrome, Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome, Short stature - webbed neck - heart disease, Shprintzen syndorme, Syndromic microphthalmia type 9, Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism, Velocardiofacial syndrome, Polycythemia vera, Vaquez disease, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
Hematologic	Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Methemoglobinemia, Osler-Vaquez disease, Polycythemia vera, Sulfhemoglobinemia, Vaquez disease
Iatrogenic	Iatrogenic pneumothorax , Mendelson's syndrome
Infectious Disease	Bronchiectasis, Croup, Legionnaires disease, Lung abscess, Streptococcal Group B invasive disease , Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Western equine encephalitis, Whooping cough, Pneumonia, Acute histoplasmosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Diaphragmatic paralysis , Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type , Micrognathia, Retrognathia, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia
Neurologic	Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia, Tonic-clonic seizures, Sneddon syndrome, Diaphragmatic paralysis
Nutritional / Metabolic	HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Hypoglycemia, Hypomagnesemia, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Meadow's syndrome, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Birth asphyxia, Meconium aspiration, Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Iron, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Acetaminophen and propoxyphene, Amiodarone, Beta blockers, Chloroquine, Codeine, Dapsone, Dilaudid, Heroin, Hydrocodone, Lortab, Meperidine, Methadone, Metoclopramide, Morphine, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Phenothiazines, Primaquine , Sulfonamides, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Morphine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute histoplasmosis, Acute interstitial pneumonitis, Airway obstruction , Alveolar capillary dysplasia , Anthracosis, Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Birth asphyxia, Bronchiolitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Bronchospasm, Choanal atresia, Chronic bronchitis, Cold exposure, Congenital laryngomalacia, Decreased oxygen saturation , Emphysema, Epiglottitis, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Familial interstitial fibrosis , Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis, Fibrosing alveolitis, Goodpasture syndrome, Hamman-Rich syndrome , Hemothorax, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis , Infantile apnea, Laryngeal cleft, Meconium aspiration, Obstructive sleep apnea, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Pleural effusion, [, Pneumoconiosis, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hemorrhage, Pulmonary hypertension, Respiratory depression, Respiratory distress syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis, Severe asthma, Severe COPD, Shallow breathing, Shaver's disease, Silicosiderosis, Silicosis, Spontaneous pneumothorax, Suffocation, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, Tracheal stenosis syndromes, Tracheoesophageal fistula with out esophageal fistula, Transient tachypnea of the newborn, Unilateral pulmonary agenesis, Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, Vascular rings, Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Pierre Robin's syndrome, Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Croup, Whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Lupus, Raynaud's phenomenon, Insect sting allergy, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Sarcoidosis
Sexual	Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Trauma	Drowning, Flial chest, Head trauma, Penetrating chest wound, Shaken baby syndrome
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Dehydration, High altitude, Hypothermia, Immobility, Mountain sickness, Pseudocyanosis, Sudden infant death syndrome, Suffocation

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• 1p36 deletion syndrome
• 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
• 4-Nitrophenol
• Aberrant subclavian artery
• Acetaminophen and hydrocodone
• Acrocephalopolysyndactyly
• Acrocyanosis
• Acrodynia
• Acrofacial dysostosis
• Acute histoplasmosis
• Acute interstitial pneumonitis
• Adams-Oliver syndrome
• Adrenal hemorrhage
• Air embolism
• Air leak syndromes
• Airway obstruction
• Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome
• Alveolar capillary dysplasia
• Amiodarone
• Amyl nitrite
• Anchovy poisoning
• Angioneurotic edema
• Aniline
• Anisidine
• Anthracosis
• Antifreeze
• Aotic arch defects
• Aortic coarctation
• Aortic stenosis
• Apnea of prematurity
• Apple seed poisoning
• Apricot seed poisoning
• Arsine gas
• Arterial occlusion
• Asbestosis
• Aspiration
• Asthma
• Atelectasis
• Atrial myxoma
• Atrial septal defect
• Bacterial tracheitis
• Benign familial neonatal convulsions
• Benzocaine
• Benzodiazepines
• Berylliosis
• Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease
• Beta blockers
• Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome
• Bird cherry seed poisoning
• Birth asphyxia
• Bitter almond poisoning
• Blalock-Taussig shunt
• Bland-White-Garland syndrome
• Blood transfusion
• Blue baby syndrome
• Boerhaave syndrome
• Bordetella pertussis
• Bronchiectasis
• Bronchiolitis
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Bronchospasm
• Brown snake poisoning
• Bufotenin
• Carbamates
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cassirer disease
• Cast syndrome
• Cerebral hypoxia
• Chloramphenicol
• Chlorate salts
• Chlorobenzene
• Chloroquine
• Choanal atresia
• Choking
• Cholesterol emboli syndrome
• Cholesterol pneumonia
• Chromhidrosis
• Chromosome 22q11 deletion
• Chronic bronchitis
• Chronic mercury exposure
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Chylothorax
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Clonazepam
• Clorazepate
• Clupeotoxin
• Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
• Codeine
• Cold exposure
• Community-acquired pneumonia
• Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
• Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
• Congenital heart disease
• Congenital hyperinsulinism
• Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia
• Congestive heart failure
• Cor biloculare
• Cor triatriatum
• Coronary artery anomaly
• Critical valvular aortic stenosis
• Crocq disease
• Croup
• Cyanide poisoning
• Cyanotic congenital heart disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Cystic hygroma
• Dapsone
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Dehydration
• Demeton-S-methyl
• Desmopressin
• Diaphragmatic paralysis
• Diazepam
• Diazinon
• Dichlorvos
• Dicrotophos
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Dilaudid
• Double outlet right ventricle
• Drowning
• Ebstein anomaly
• Eisenmenger syndrome
• Emphysema
• Epiglottitis
• Erythrocyanosis
• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• Familial interstitial fibrosis
• Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis
• Fibrosing alveolitis
• Flail chest
• Goodpasture syndrome
• Hamman-Rich syndrome

• Head trauma
• Heart attack
• Heart failure
• Hemothorax
• Heroin
• Herring poisoning
• High altitude
• HLHC
• HMG-CoA lyase deficiency
• Hydrocodone
• Hydrogen sulfide
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Hypoadrenalism
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Hypothermia
• Hypovolemia
• Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
• Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
• Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis
• Immobility
• Infantile apnea
• Insect sting allergy
• Interrupted aortic arch
• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Iron
• Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance
• Ivemark syndrome
• Lantana poisoning
• Laryngeal cleft
• Laryngomalacia
• Lead
• Legionnaires disease
• Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type
• Lortab
• Lsaacs' syndrome
• Lung abscess
• Lupus
• Matthew-Wood syndrome
• Meadows syndrome
• Meconium aspiration syndrome
• Mendelson's syndrome
• Meperidine
• Methadone
• Methemoglobinemia
• Metoclopramide
• Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1
• Micrognathia
• Mitral atresia in infants
• Morphine
• Mountain sickness
• Myocardial infarction
• Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage
• Neuromyotonia
• Nitrates
• Nitroglycerin
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Organophosphate poisoning
• Osler-Vaquez disease
• Partial atrioventricular canal
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Patent foramen ovale
• Penetrating chest wounds
• Peripartum cardiomyopathy
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
• Phenothiazines
• Phlegmasia alba dolens
• Pierre Robin syndrome
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumoconiosis
• Pneumonia

• Pneumothorax
• Polycythemia vera
• Primaquine
• Pseudocyanosis
• Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
• Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas
• Pulmonary atresia
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulmonary hemorrhage
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Pulmonary hypoplasia
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Pulmonary venous return anomaly
• Raynaud's phenomenon
• Respiratory depression
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Respiratory muscle paralysis
• Retrognathia
• Right ventricle hypoplasia
• Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome
• Sarcoidosis
• Sea snake venom
• Sepsis
• Severe asthma
• Severe COPD
• Shaken baby syndrome
• Shallow breathing
• Shaver's disease
• Shock
• Shprintzen syndorme
• Silicosiderosis
• Silicosis
• Silver
• Silver iodide
• Silver nitrate
• Sneddon syndrome
• Spontaneous pneumothorax
• Stachybotrys chartarum exposure
• Streptococcal Group B invasive disease
• Subpulmonary stenosis
• Sudden infant death syndrome
• Suffocation
• Sulfhemoglobinemia
• Sulfonamides
• Superior vena cava syndrome
• Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
• Syndromic microphthalmia type 9
• TAPVC
• Taussig Bing syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Tonic-clonic seizures
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula
• Tracheal stenosis syndromes
• Tracheoesophageal fistula with out esophageal fistula
• Transient tachypnea of the newborn
• Transposition of the great vessels
• Tricuspid atresia
• Tricuspid stenosis
• Truncus arteriosus
• Twisted atrioventricular connections
• Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism
• Unilateral pulmonary agenesis
• Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia
• Vaquez disease
• Vascular malposition
• Vascular rings
• Vein of Galen aneurysm
• Velocardiofacial syndrome
• Ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance
• Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
• Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
• Western equine encephalitis
• Whooping cough