Acrocyanosis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 03:19, 25 February 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atheromatous embolism, Buerger's disease, chronic orthostatic intolerance, erythromelalgia, myocardial infarction, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, Sneddon syndrome, Takayasu arteritis
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic poisoning, Butyl nitrate
Dermatologic	Acrocyanosis of infancy, black foot disease, Buerger's disease, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, fucosidosis, livedoid vasculopathy, remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, scleroderma, sulfhemoglobinemia, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, waldenström macroglobulinemia, wegener's granulomatosis
Drug Side Effect	Amiodarone, Amphotericin B deoxycholate, butyl nitrate, butyl nitrite, desipramine, fluoxetine, gemcitabine, imipramine, interferon 2 alpha, metoclopramide, phenazopyridine, tolazoline, tricyclic antidepressants, vasopressors
Ear Nose Throat	Wegener's granulomatosis, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
Endocrine	Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, carcinoid syndrome, POEMS syndrome
Environmental	Cold exposure, high altitude
Gastroenterologic	Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, carcinoid syndrome, fucosidosis, Sandifer syndrome, scleroderma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Genetic	Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, Asperger disease, DiGeorge syndrome, erythromelalgia, ethylmalonic aciduria, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, familial spastic paraplegia, fucosidosis, genetic, mitochondrial disease
Hematologic	Antiphospholipid syndrome, carcinoid syndrome, Castleman's disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cold agglutinin disease, cryoglobulinemia, essential thrombocytopenia, methemoglobinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, polycythemia, pulmonary embolism, secondary polycythemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Congenital syphilis, cytomegalovirus, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, influenza virus infection, listeriosis, mumps, mycoplasma, parvovirus B19 infection, psittacosis, secondary syphilis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Antiphospholipid syndrome, brachial plexus neuropathy, Buerger's disease, erythromelalgia, fucosidosis, Klippel-Feil syndrome, puffy hand syndrome, stroke,remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, scalenus anterior syndrome, supernumerary cervical rib, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Neurologic	Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, apnea, Asperger disease, brachial plexus neuropathy, cervical plexus compression neuropathy, ergotism, erythromelalgia, ethylmalonic aciduria, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, familial spastic paraplegia, mitochondrial disease, POEMS syndrome, Sandifer syndrome, Sneddon syndrome, spinal cord injury, stroke, thoracic outlet syndrome, tonic-clonic seizure, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, vegetative dystonia
Nutritional / Metabolic	Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, ethylmalonic aciduria, fucosidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Antiphospholipid syndrome,ovarian cancer
Oncologic	Burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoid syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, malignancy, ovarian cancer, paraneoplastic disorder, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Opthalmologic	Atheromatous embolism, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Overdose / Toxicity	Ergotism
Psychiatric	Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome, anorexia nervosa, asperger disease, bulimia nervosa, neurocirculatory asthenia, schizophrenia, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
Pulmonary	Pickwickian syndrome, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, scleroderma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Hyperoxaluria type 1, oxalosis, scleroderma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, Buerger's disease, Castleman's disease, CREST syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, DiGeorge syndrome, livedoid vasculopathy, mixed connective tissue disorder, paraneoplastic disorder, paraproteinemia, Raynaud's phenomenon, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sneddon syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	Wegener's granulomatosis
Miscellaneous	Black foot disease, high altitude, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Polycythemia
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Psittacosis
Puffy hand syndrome
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Raynaud's phenomenon
Remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sandifer syndrome
Scalenus anterior syndrome
Schizophrenia
Scleroderma
Secondary polycythemia
Secondary syphilis
Sneddon syndrome
Spinal cord injury
Stroke
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Supernumerary cervical rib
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Takayasu arteritis
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Tolazoline
Tonic-clonic seizure
Tricyclic antidepressants
Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
Vasopressors
Vegetative dystonia
Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Wegener's granulomatosis

References

↑ Pavlou E, Augoustides-Savvopoulou P, Gregersen N, Haas D, Gkampeta A, Athanassiadou-Piperopoulou F (2013). "An infant with ethylmalonic encephalopathy masquerading as a hematologic disorder". J Child Neurol. 28 (5): 668–71. doi:10.1177/0883073812449070. PMID 22805253.
↑ Gayraud M (2007). "Raynaud's phenomenon". Joint Bone Spine. 74 (1): e1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.07.002. PMID 17218139.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid22805253-1] Pavlou E, Augoustides-Savvopoulou P, Gregersen N, Haas D, Gkampeta A, Athanassiadou-Piperopoulou F (2013). "An infant with ethylmalonic encephalopathy masquerading as a hematologic disorder". J Child Neurol. 28 (5): 668–71. doi:10.1177/0883073812449070. PMID 22805253.

[pmid17218139-2] Gayraud M (2007). "Raynaud's phenomenon". Joint Bone Spine. 74 (1): e1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.07.002. PMID 17218139.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Arsenic poisoning]], [[embolism|atheromatous embolism]], [[fucosidosis]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[pulmonary hypertension]]
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  [[embolism|Atheromatous embolism]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[orthostatic intolerance|chronic orthostatic intolerance]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[Takayasu arteritis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic poisoning]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic poisoning]], [[Butyl nitrate]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| Acrocyanosis of infancy, [[anorexia nervosa]], [[arsenic poisoning]], black foot disease, [[Buerger's disease]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[fucosidosis]], [[livedoid vasculopathy]], remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, [[scleroderma]], [[sulfhemoglobinemia]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[wegener's granulomatosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| Acrocyanosis of infancy,  black foot disease, [[Buerger's disease]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[fucosidosis]], [[livedoid vasculopathy]], remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, [[scleroderma]], [[sulfhemoglobinemia]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[amphotericin B|Amphotericin B deoxycholate]], [[butyl nitrate]], [[imipramine]], [[IFNA2|interferon 2 alpha]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[amphotericin B|Amphotericin B deoxycholate]], [[butyl nitrate]], [[butyl nitrite]], [[desipramine]], [[fluoxetine]], [[gemcitabine]], [[imipramine]], [[IFNA2|interferon 2 alpha]], [[metoclopramide]], [[phenazopyridine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[vasopressors]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[POEMS syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Environmental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic poisoning]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cold exposure]], [[high altitude]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[arsenic poisoning]], [[embolism|atheromatous embolism]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[fucosidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[bulimia nervosa]],  [[carcinoid syndrome]],  [[fucosidosis]], [[Sandifer syndrome]], [[scleroderma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Genetic]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome]], [[asperger syndrome|Asperger disease]], [[DiGeorge syndrome]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy|ethylmalonic aciduria]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[spastic paraplegia|familial spastic paraplegia]], [[fucosidosis]], [[genetic]], [[mitochondrial disease]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[cold agglutinin disease]], [[cryoglobulinemia]], [[essential thrombocytopenia]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[methemoglobinemia]], [[polycythemia|secondary polycythemia]], [[sulfhemoglobinemia]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[Castleman's disease]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[cold agglutinin disease]], [[cryoglobulinemia]], [[essential thrombocytopenia]], [[methemoglobinemia]], [[paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria]], [[polycythemia]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[polycythemia|secondary polycythemia]], [[sulfhemoglobinemia]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Congenital syphilis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[HIV]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], [[influenza|influenza virus infection]], [[listeriosis]], [[mumps]], [[mycoplasma]], [[parvovirus B19 infection]], [[psittacosis]], [[secondary syphilis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[brachial plexus|brachial plexus neuropathy]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[fucosidosis]], puffy hand syndrome, [[stroke]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[brachial plexus|brachial plexus neuropathy]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[fucosidosis]], [[Klippel-Feil syndrome]], puffy hand syndrome, [[stroke]],remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, [[thoracic outlet syndrome|scalenus anterior syndrome]], [[cervical rib|supernumerary cervical rib]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic poisoning]], [[embolism|atheromatous embolism]], [[brachial plexus|brachial plexus neuropathy]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[fucosidosis]], [[spinal cord injury]], [[stroke]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[chronic fatigue syndrome|Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[apnea]], [[asperger syndrome|Asperger disease]], [[brachial plexus|brachial plexus neuropathy]], [[cervical plexus|cervical plexus compression neuropathy]], [[ergotism]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy|ethylmalonic aciduria]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy]], [[ spastic paraplegia|familial spastic paraplegia]], [[mitochondrial disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Sandifer syndrome]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[spinal cord injury]], [[stroke]], [[thoracic outlet syndrome]], [[tonic-clonic seizure]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, [[dystonia|vegetative dystonia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[arsenic poisoning]], [[embolism|atheromatous embolism]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[ethylmalonic encephalopathy|ethylmalonic aciduria]], [[fucosidosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]],[[ovarian cancer]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Burkitt's lymphoma]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[malignancy]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome|paraneoplastic disorder]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Ergotism]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[asperger syndrome|asperger disease]], [[schizophrenia]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[chronic fatigue syndrome|Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[asperger syndrome|asperger disease]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[neurocirculatory asthenia]], [[schizophrenia]], Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic poisoning]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[scleroderma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pickwickian syndrome]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[scleroderma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[embolism|Atheromatous embolism]], [[scleroderma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[hyperoxaluria|Hyperoxaluria type 1]], [[oxalosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[erythromelalgia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[chronic fatigue syndrome|Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[antiphospholipid syndrome]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[Castleman's disease]], [[CREST syndrome]], [[cryoglobulinemia]], [[DiGeorge syndrome]], [[livedoid vasculopathy]], [[mixed connective tissue disorder]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome|paraneoplastic disorder]], [[paraproteinemia]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[scleroderma]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[systemic sclerosis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]], black foot disease
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  Black foot disease, [[high altitude]], [[idiopathic]]
 |-
 |}

Acrocyanosis causes: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:19, 25 February 2015

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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