Macrocytic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:08, 20 August 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Normal B12 absorption and action are dependent of 5 things: dietary intake, acid in the stomach, pancreatic secretions, secretion of IF by Gastric parietal cells, an ileum that can absorb the IF-B12 complex

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: ^[1] ^[2]

Deficient intake
Deficient intrinsic factor (pernicious anaemia or gastrectomy)
Bilogical competition for B12 by diverticulosis, fistula, intestinal anastomosis, achlorhydria and infection by the marine parasite Diphyllobothrium latum
Selective B12 malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
Chronic pancreatitis
Ileal resection and bypass

Folate Deficiency:

Deficient intake.
Increased needs: pregnancy, infant, rapid cellular proliferation, and cirrhosis
Malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
Intestinal and jejunal resection

Combined Dieficiency (Tropical Sprue): Vitamin B12 & Folate.
Inherited DNA Synthesis Disorders: Deficient thiamine and factors (e.g. enzymes) responsible for folate metabolism.
Toxins and Drugs:
- Amobarbital sodium
- Cycloserine
- Cytarabine
- Ethotoin
- Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate)
- Pergolide
- Purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine)
- Pyrimidine antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
- Phenobarbital
- Pyrimethamine
- Secobarbital sodium
- Erythroleukemia.

In general:

Nutritional defects (folic acid or vitamin B12 which is mainly from animal sources; vegans may require supplementation)
Chronic liver diseases
Alcoholism
Pregnancy
Decreased production of intrinsic factor (this disease entity is called pernicious anemia)
Intestinal malabsorption (due to an enteritis, celiac disease or other causes).
Fish tapeworm infestation (Diphyllobothrium latum)
Failure to replicate chromosomes due to lack of thymidine.
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Cytotoxic drugs interfering with DNA synthesis
intestinal flora disruption due to antibiotic use

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Common causes of [disease name] may include:

[Cause1]
[Cause2]
[Cause3]

OR

[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of [disease name] include:

[Cause1]
[Cause2]
[Cause3]

Genetic Causes

[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

Caus

References

↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[2] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 :* Cytotoxic drugs interfering with DNA synthesis
 :* [[Gut flora|intestinal flora]] disruption due to antibiotic use
+==Causes==
+===Life-threatening Causes===
+*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
+*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
+*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
+===Common Causes===
+Common causes of [disease name] may include:
+*[Cause1]
+*[Cause2]
+*[Cause3]
+OR
+*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
+*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
+===Less Common Causes===
+Less common causes of [disease name] include:
+*[Cause1]
+*[Cause2]
+*[Cause3]
+===Genetic Causes===
+*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
+<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
+* Caus
+</div>
 ==References==

Macrocytic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:08, 20 August 2018

Overview

Causes

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Common Causes

Less Common Causes

Genetic Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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