WBR0433

Author	[[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1] (Reviewed by Serge Korjian and Yazan Daaboul, M.D.))]]
Exam Type	ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category	MainCategory::Behavioral Science/Psychiatry
Sub Category	SubCategory::Dermatology
Prompt	[[Prompt::A 6-month-old girl is brought to the pediatrician's office by her parents for concerns over persistent bruising over the lower back. Otherwise, the parents report that the child is developing normally. On physical examination, the physician notes the lesions shown in the image below. Which of the following should be the next step in the management of this patient's condition? ]]
Answer A	AnswerA::Reassurance
Answer A Explanation	[[AnswerAExp::In the context of a normally growing infant, the physician should reassure the parents since Mongolian spots are self-limited skin lesions that disappear by early childhood.]]
Answer B	AnswerB::Calling the police
Answer B Explanation	[[AnswerBExp::Although child abuse should always be in the differential diagnosis of Mongolian spots, child abuse would not cause such characteristic bluish-lesions despite their resemblance to traumatic bruises. Children who are victims of abuse may have other findings on physical examination and work-up, such as multiple fractures of different age on skeletal x-ray, retinal hemorrhages, and subdural hematomas. In the case of child abuse, the infant care is typically compromised as well, and the development of the child may be delayed.]]
Answer C	AnswerC::Performing x-rays
Answer C Explanation	[[AnswerCExp::Further testing is not required for patients with Mongolian spots who are otherwise healthy with no suspicion for child abuse.]]
Answer D	AnswerD::Genetic testing
Answer D Explanation	[[AnswerDExp::Further testing is not required for patients with Mongolian spots who are otherwise healthy.]]
Answer E	AnswerE::Bone marrow biopsy
Answer E Explanation	[[AnswerEExp::A bone marrow biopsy is indicated in the case of a hematologic malignancy that can cause thrombocytopenia and easy bruising. However, the infant is healthy and is growing well. His presentation is not suspicious for a hematologic malignancy.]]
Right Answer	RightAnswer::A
Explanation	[[Explanation::The patient’s physical examination is consistent with Mongolian spots or congenital dermal melanocytosis. Mongolian spots are characterized by one or many benign, bluish, patchy, self-limited lesion(s) that is/are very common among infants and typically is/are located at the lower back region, the buttocks, and/or the shoulders. The condition results from entrapped melanocytes in the dermis due to inhibited neural crest cell migration to the epidermal layer. Diagnosis of Mongolian spots is clinical. Further work-up in an otherwise healthy child is unnecessary, and treatment is not required given the self-limited nataure of the lesions. Therefore, the physician in this vignette should reassure the patient’s family without the need for any further investigation. Educational Objective: Mongolian spots are benign, patchy, self-limited lesions that are very common among infants. Diagnosis of Mongolian spots is clinical, and no further work-up or investigation is required when Mongolian spots are diagnosed in an otherwise healthy infant. References: Cordova A. The Mongolian spot: a study of ethnic differences and a literature review. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1981;20(11):714-9. Image attribution: "6 month old Taiwanese baby girl" by user: abby lu for Flickr website (URL: https://www.flickr.com/photos/10620262@N08/924641583/) licensed under Creative Commons attribution 2.0 generic (URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/#). No changes were made. Retrieved March 2 2015. ]]
Approved	Approved::No
Keyword	WBRKeyword::Mongolian spot, WBRKeyword::Child abuse, WBRKeyword::Physical examination, WBRKeyword::Infant, WBRKeyword::Congenital dermal melanocytosis
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