Sinus arrhythmia: Difference between revisions
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) |
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Sinus arrhythmia is an irregularity of the sinus rhythm defined as a variation in the P-P interval by 0.16 sec (160 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and it is classified into respiratory sinus arrhythmia and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia. While [[respiratory sinus arrhythmia]] is a normal variant that is mostly common in young | Sinus arrhythmia is an irregularity of the sinus rhythm defined as a variation in the P-P interval by 0.16 sec (160 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and it is classified into respiratory sinus arrhythmia and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia. While [[respiratory sinus arrhythmia]] is a normal variant that is mostly common in young and disappears with age,<ref name="pmid11985918">{{cite journal| author=Kaushal P, Taylor JA| title=Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2002 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1524-30 | pmid=11985918 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985918 }} </ref> the non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia is most commonly present among elderly with heart disease. Sinus arrhythmia occurs with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone, and tends to disappear with increase in the heart rate.<ref name="pmid17034928">{{cite journal| author=Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT| title=Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. | journal=Biol Psychol | year= 2007 | volume= 74 | issue= 2 | pages= 212-23 | pmid=17034928 | doi=10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006 | pmc=PMC1804292 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17034928 }} </ref> Triggers for sinus arrhythmia include [[SA node block]], [[sinus pause]], [[premature atrial beat]], increase in the [[vagal tone]] following [[carotid massage]] or administration of [[parasympathomimetic]] medications. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
*In non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the variation in the P-P interval is unrelated to the respiratory cycle. It can occur in the normal heart; however, it is more common among elderly with heart disease. The cause of non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia is usually unknown, known causes include: | *In non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the variation in the P-P interval is unrelated to the respiratory cycle. It can occur in the normal heart; however, it is more common among elderly with heart disease. The cause of non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia is usually unknown, known causes include: | ||
* Side effect of medications ([[digitalis]], [[morphine]]) | * Side effect of medications ([[digitalis]], [[morphine]]) | ||
* [[ | * High [[intracranial pressure]] | ||
* [[Inferior myocardial infarction]] | * [[Inferior myocardial infarction]] | ||
* Recovery from illnesses | * Recovery from illnesses | ||
Revision as of 15:50, 8 March 2015
|
WikiDoc Resources for Sinus arrhythmia |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Sinus arrhythmia Most cited articles on Sinus arrhythmia |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Sinus arrhythmia |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Sinus arrhythmia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Sinus arrhythmia Clinical Trials on Sinus arrhythmia at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Sinus arrhythmia NICE Guidance on Sinus arrhythmia
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Sinus arrhythmia Discussion groups on Sinus arrhythmia Patient Handouts on Sinus arrhythmia Directions to Hospitals Treating Sinus arrhythmia Risk calculators and risk factors for Sinus arrhythmia
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Sinus arrhythmia |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]; Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [3]
Overview
Sinus arrhythmia is an irregularity of the sinus rhythm defined as a variation in the P-P interval by 0.16 sec (160 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and it is classified into respiratory sinus arrhythmia and non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia. While respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a normal variant that is mostly common in young and disappears with age,[1] the non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia is most commonly present among elderly with heart disease. Sinus arrhythmia occurs with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone, and tends to disappear with increase in the heart rate.[2] Triggers for sinus arrhythmia include SA node block, sinus pause, premature atrial beat, increase in the vagal tone following carotid massage or administration of parasympathomimetic medications.
Classification
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with variations in the heart rate with the respiratory cycle secondary to changes in the vagal tone (heart rate increases in inspiration and decreases in expiration). It is a normal variant that is most present in young people.
To read more about respiratory sinus arrhythmia, click here.
Non-respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
- In non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the variation in the P-P interval is unrelated to the respiratory cycle. It can occur in the normal heart; however, it is more common among elderly with heart disease. The cause of non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia is usually unknown, known causes include:
- Side effect of medications (digitalis, morphine)
- High intracranial pressure
- Inferior myocardial infarction
- Recovery from illnesses
Ventriculophasic Sinus Arrhythmia
- A ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia occurs most often in patients with third degree AV block, but it's also observed after a compensatory pause induced by a premature ventricular contraction.[3]
References
- ↑ Kaushal P, Taylor JA (2002). "Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (9): 1524–30. PMID 11985918.
- ↑ Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT (2007). "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension". Biol Psychol. 74 (2): 212–23. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006. PMC 1804292. PMID 17034928.
- ↑ de Marchena E, Colvin-Adams M, Esnard J, Ridha M, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ (2003). "Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia in the orthotopic transplanted heart: mechanism of disease revisited". Int J Cardiol. 91 (1): 71–4. PMID 12957731.