Febrile neutropenia causes: Difference between revisions

	Febrile Neutropenia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Initial Assessment
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Febrile neutropenia causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Febrile neutropenia causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Febrile neutropenia causes
CDC on Febrile neutropenia causes
Febrile neutropenia causes in the news
Blogs on Febrile neutropenia causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Febrile neutropenia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Febrile neutropenia causes

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 02:06, 30 March 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: F and N; fever and neutropenia; FN; hot and low; hot leuk; neutropenic fever; neutropenic fever syndrome; neutropenic sepsis

Overview

Bloodstream infections caused by endogenous flora and reactivation of latent infections account for a majority of initial febrile episode in neutropenic patients with cancer.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Febrile neutropenia is a life threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

References

@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{columns-list|3|
+*[[Acinetobacter]]
+*[[Anaerobes]]
+*[[Aspergillus]]
+*[[Babesia]]
+*[[Bacillus]]
+*[[Candida]]
+*[[Capnocytophaga canimorsus]]
+*[[Cellulitis]]
+*[[Chemotherapy]]
+*[[Citrobacter]]
+*[[Clostridium difficile]]
+*[[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]]
+*[[Coccidioides]]
+*[[Corynebacterium jeikeium]]
+*[[Cryptococcus]]
+*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
+*[[Enterobacter]]
+*[[Enterococcus]]
+*[[Enteroviruses]]
+*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
+*[[Escherichia coli]]
-{| style="float: right; width: 500px; margin: 5px 10px;"
+*[[Hemophilus]]
-! style="font-size: 85%; background: #545454; color: #F8F8FF; padding: 5px 10px;" | Table 1. Common Bacterial Pathogens in Neutropenic Patients
+*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
-|-
+*[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
-! style="font-size: 85%; background: #DCDCDC;" | Gram-Positive Pathogens
+*[[Human herpesvirus 6]]
-|-
+*[[Influenza virus]]
-| style="font-size: 85%; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Klebsiella]]
-:* Coagulase-negative staphylococci
+*[[Legionella]]
-:* Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains
+*[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
-:* Enterococcus species, including vancomycin-resistant strains
+*[[Malignancy]]
-:* Viridans group streptococci
+*[[Moraxella]]
-:* Streptococcus pneumoniae
+*[[Mucorales]]
-:* Streptococcus pyogenes
+*[[Mycobacteria]]
-|-
+*[[Neisseria meningitidis]]
-! style="font-size: 85%; background: #DCDCDC;" | Gram-Negative Pathogens
+*[[Nocardia]]
-|-
+*[[Parainfluenza virus]]
-| style="font-size: 85%; background: #F5F5F5;" |
+*[[Plasmodium]]
-:* Escherichia coli
+*[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]
-:* Klebsiella species
+*[[Pneumonia]]
-:* Enterobacter species
+*[[Proteus]]
-:* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
+*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
-:* Citrobacter species
+*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
-:* Acinetobacter species
+*[[Serratia]]
-:* Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
+*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
-|}
+*[[Stenotrophomonas maltophila]]
+*[[Stomatococcus]]
-{{Seealso|Neutropenia causes}}
+*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
+*[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
-[[Septicemia|Bloodstream infections]] caused by endogenous flora and reactivation of latent infections account for a majority of initial febrile episode in neutropenic patients with cancer.  Common bacterial isolates that cause bacteremia in the setting of neutropenia are listed in Table 1.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s00277-011-1373-2 | issn = 1432-0584 | volume = 91 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–774 | last = Pagano | first = L. | coauthors = M. Caira, G. Rossi, M. Tumbarello, R. Fanci, M. G. Garzia, N. Vianelli, N. Filardi, P. De Fabritiis, A. Beltrame, M. Musso, A. Piccin, A. Cuneo, C. Cattaneo, T. Aloisi, M. Riva, G. Rossi, U. Salvadori, M. Brugiatelli, S. Sannicolò, M. Morselli, A. Bonini, P. Viale, A. Nosari, F. Aversa, Hema e-Chart Group, Italy | title = A prospective survey of febrile events in hematological malignancies | journal = Annals of Hematology | date = 2012-05 | pmid = 22124621 }}</ref>  Certain endogenous microorganisms may be reactivated and exit latency during immunosuppression. These include [[herpes simplex virus]], [[varicella-zoster virus]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[HBV|hepatitis B]] and [[HCV|C]] viruses, and ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''.  Exogenous pathogens carried by contaminated blood products, medical equipment and devices, water sources, and health care workers represent less common sources of infection. These include ''[[Clostridium difficile]]'', [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[vancomycin]]-resistant [[enterococci]], and other multidrug resistant bacteria.<ref>{{Cite book | edition = 5 edition | publisher = Saunders | isbn = 9781455728657 | last = MD | first = John E. Niederhuber | coauthors = James O. Armitage MD, James H. Doroshow MD, Michael B. Kastan MD PhD, Joel E. Tepper MD | title = Abeloff's Clinical Oncology: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features and Print, 5e | location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | date = 2013-11-05 }}</ref>
+*[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
+*[[Toxoplasma]]
-Fungal infections often take place in the setting of prolonged or profound neutropenia after administration of empirical therapy.  [[Candidiasis]] may range in severity from mucosal or cutaneous infection to [[septicemia]], [[endocarditis]], or disseminated infection.  [[Aspergillus]], on the contrary, typically causes life-threatening infection of the sinuses and lungs, particularly after protracted neutropenia.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq147 | issn = 1537-6591 | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 427–431 | last = Freifeld | first = Alison G. | coauthors = Eric J. Bow, Kent A. Sepkowitz, Michael J. Boeckh, James I. Ito, Craig A. Mullen, Issam I. Raad, Kenneth V. Rolston, Jo-Anne H. Young, John R. Wingard, null Infectious Diseases Society of Americaa | title = Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America | date = 2011-02-15 | pmid = 21205990 }}</ref>
+*[[Varicella zoster virus]]
+*[[Viridans group streptococci]]
+}}
 == References ==