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== References ==
== References ==
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Revision as of 22:26, 14 March 2016

Aortic dissection Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Aortic dissection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Special Scenarios

Management during Pregnancy

Case Studies

Case #1


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Atherosclerosis and hypertension are associated with spontaneous aortic dissection, while blunt trauma and sudden deceleration in a motor vehicle accident are major causes of traumatic aortic dissection.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis, bicuspid aortic valve, hypertension, malignant hypertension, ruptured aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, seat belt aorta, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Methonium
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cushing's syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome, annuloaortic ectasia, bicuspid aortic valve, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis, familial aortic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, mutation of TGF-β receptor genes, mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin, mutations in SMAD3, mutations in the gene encoding filamin A, Noonan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Turner syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Aortic valve replacement surgery, cardiac catheterization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, implantation of stent graft, intra-aortic balloon pump, mitral valve replacement surgery, surgical correction of aortic coarctation
Infectious Disease AIDS, annuloaortic ectasia, aortitis, syphilitic aortitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Homocystinuria
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Cocaine abuse
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Polycystic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Aortitis, arteritis, Behçet's disease, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Takayasu arteritis, vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Chest trauma, deceleration injuries, motor vehicle accident, seat belt aorta
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Connective tissue disorders, heavy exercise, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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3

References

  1. ↑ Weissmann-Brenner A, Schoen R, Divon MY (2004). "Aortic dissection in pregnancy". Obstet Gynecol. 103 (5 Pt 2): 1110–3. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000124984.82336.43. PMID 15121626.
  2. ↑ Brooke V, Goswami S, Mohanty A, Kasi PM (2012). "Aortic dissection and renal failure in a patient with severe hypothyroidism". Case Rep Med. 2012: 842562. doi:10.1155/2012/842562. PMC 3399550. PMID 22829842.
  3. ↑ "Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group". Ophthalmology. 98 (5 Suppl): 807–22. 1991. PMID 2062514.
  4. ↑ Shen, YZ.; Song, W.; Lu, HZ. (2012). "Type I aortic dissection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection". Biosci Trends. 6 (3): 143–6. PMID 22890163. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Mohr, FW.; Falk, V.; Diegeler, A.; Walther, T.; van Son, JA.; Autschbach, R. (1998). "Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 115 (3): 567–74, discussion 574-6. PMID 9535444. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Akgullu C, Hekim T, Eryilmaz U, Kurtoğlu T, Gürcün U (2013). "Spontaneous retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve". Cardiovasc J Afr. 24 (5): e8–10. doi:10.5830/CVJA-2013-036. PMID 24217212.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Jänisch S, Turmanov N, Albrecht UV, Fieguth A, Günther D (2010). "[Aortic dissection - a not so rare disease]". Med Klin (Munich). 105 (12): 871–5. doi:10.1007/s00063-010-1151-2. PMID 21240585.
  8. ↑ Morais P, Mota A, Eloy C, Lopes JM, Torres F, Palmeiro A; et al. (2011). "Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case with fatal outcome". Dermatol Online J. 17 (4): 1. PMID 21549076.
  9. ↑ Arbustini, E.; Narula, N. (2012). "Extra-aortic identifiers to guide genetic testing in familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections syndromes: it is all about the company one keeps". J Am Coll Cardiol. 60 (5): 404–7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.032. PMID 22633652. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Angouras, DC.; Michler, RE. (2002). "An alternative surgical approach to facilitate minimally invasive mitral valve surgery". Ann Thorac Surg. 73 (2): 673–4. PMID 11845906. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Martin CA, Clowes VE, Cooper JP (2014). "Loeys-Dietz syndrome: life threatening aortic dissection diagnosed on routine family screening". BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-203063. PMID 24495977.
  12. ↑ Di Eusanio M, Berretta P, Folesani G, Di Bartolomeo R (2013). "[Aortic disease in Marfan syndrome: current role of surgery and thoracic endovascular aortic repair]". G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 14 (7–8): 538–47. doi:10.1714/1308.14462. PMID 23877551.
  13. ↑ "GANGLION-BLOCKING drugs and dissection of the aorta". Br Med J. 1 (4981): 1473–4. 1956. PMID 13316190. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Choi, JC.; LeMaire, SA. (2012). "Thoracic aortic dissection: genes, molecules, and the knife". Tex Heart Inst J. 39 (6): 838–9. PMID 23304027.
  15. ↑ Gignon, M.; Defouilloy, C.; Montpellier, D.; Chatelain, D.; Traulle, S.; Ammirati, C.; Jarde, O.; Manaouil, C. (2011). "Sudden death caused by aortic dissection in a patient with polycystic kidney disease". Genet Couns. 22 (4): 333–9. PMID 22303792.
  16. ↑ Mavroudis CD, Copelan A, Sokhandon F, Altshuler J (2014). "Hybrid repair of a ruptured right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell: a case report". World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 5 (4): 623–6. doi:10.1177/2150135114544754. PMID 25324268.
  17. ↑ Hornez E, Bourgouin S, Baudoin Y, Prunet B, Monchal T, Schlienger G; et al. (2011). "[Management of seat-belt aorta in severe polytrauma: a review]". J Mal Vasc. 36 (4): 237–42. doi:10.1016/j.jmv.2011.05.002. PMID 21684701.
  18. ↑ Pleskacova J, Rucklova K, Popelova J, Cerny S, Syrucek M, Snajderova M; et al. (2010). "Aortic dissection and rupture in a 16-year-old girl with Turner syndrome following previous progression of aortic dilation". Eur J Pediatr. 169 (10): 1283–6. doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1197-4. PMID 20396914.

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