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| ====Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia==== | | ====Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia==== |
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| *[[Aminophylline|Aminophylline toxicity]] | | *[[Aminophylline|Aminophylline toxicity]] |
| *[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | | *[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] |
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| *[[Sepsis]] | | *[[Sepsis]] |
| *[[Valvular heart disease]] | | *[[Valvular heart disease]] |
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| ===SVTs from an Atrioventricular Source=== | | ===SVTs from an Atrioventricular Source=== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]
Overview
Supraventricular tachycardia is a collective term used to describe all the tachycardias originating from the SA node, atrium and AV node. Therefore, the causes depend on the source of the pathology, and they are as follows:
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
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Common Causes
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Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Air embolism, amyloidosis, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, arteriovenous fistula, atrial ischemia, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, cardiac tamponade, cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathy, Chagas heart disease, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein's anomaly, endocarditis, familial atrial fibrillation, familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, heart bypass surgery, heart failure, hemochromatosis, holiday heart syndrome, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypokalemia, hypotension, hypoxia, ischemic heart disease, Kawasaki disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, LQT type 4, Lutembacher syndrome, mahaim fiber tachycardia, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve stenosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, neonatal coxsackie myocarditis, open heart surgery, pericarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, post cardiac surgery, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, shock, sick sinus syndrome, stroke, temporary cardiac pacing, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, unstable angina, uremic pericarditis, valvular heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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| Chemical/Poisoning
|
Breath spray, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide, grayanotoxin, mercury poisoning
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| Dental
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No underlying causes
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| Dermatologic
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Psoriatic arthritis
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| Drug Side Effect
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Albuterol, alprazolam, amiodarone, amphetamines, amrinone, atomoxetine, atropine, beta blockers, caffeine, carbamazepine poisoning, cimetidine, clonidine, conivaptan, diazoxide, dicobalt edetate, diltiazem, disopyramide, dobutamine, docetaxel, dopexamine, doxapram, doxorubicin, ephedrine, epirubicin, fentanyl, flecainide, flumazenil, fluvoxamine, guanethidine, hexamethonium, hydralazine, ibutilide, isoprenaline, isoproterenol infusion, lithium, methamphetamines, methyldopa, methylphenidate, methysergide, minoxidil, nelarabine, nicotine, orlistat, palonosetron, paroxetine, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, porfimer sodium, pramipexole, procainamide, propafenone, quinidine, ramucirumab, reserpine, ritodrine, romidepsin, salbutamol, salmeterol, sargramostim, sibutramine, theophylline, trimethaphan, type Ia antiarrhythmic agents, type Ic antiarrhythmic agents, type III antiarrhythmic agents, verapamil
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
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| Endocrine
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Amyloidosis, diabetes mellitus, fatigue, hemochromatosis, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis
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| Environmental
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No underlying causes
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| Gastroenterologic
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Crohn's disease, hemochromatosis, ulcerative colitis
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| Genetic
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Channelopaties, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, hemochromatosis, LQT type 4, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
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| Hematologic
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Anemia, fat embolism, fatigue, hemochromatosis
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| Iatrogenic
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Cardiac surgery, cardiac transplantation, incomplete ablation procedures, post cardiac surgery, postoperative complication, surgery
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| Infectious Disease
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Amoebiasis, chagas heart disease, diphtheria, fever, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, myocarditis, myotonic dystrophy, neonatal coxsackie myocarditis, rheumatic fever, salmonella typhosa, sepsis, trichinosis, viral infections
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| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
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Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, fat embolism, hemochromatosis, muscular dystrophy
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| Neurologic
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Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, fat embolism, fatigue, Guillain-Barré syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| Nutritional/Metabolic
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Dehydration, hypercapnia, hypervitaminosis D, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
nonimmune hydrops fetalis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, pregnancy
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| Oncologic
|
atrial myxoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, cardiac tumors, fatigue, lung cancer, pheochromocytoma
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| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
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| Overdose/Toxicity
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Alcohol overdose, alcohol withdrawal, aminophylline toxicity, binge drinking, carbamazepine poisoning, cocaine overdose, digitalis toxicity, salicylate poisoning, tricyclic antidepressant overdose
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| Psychiatric
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Anxiety, bulimia nervosa, fatigue, panic disorder, psychological stress
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| Pulmonary
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Air embolism, bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, fat embolism, hypoxia, lung cancer, pneumonia, sarcoidosis, tension pneumothorax
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| Renal/Electrolyte
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Chronic kidney disease, chronic renal failure, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance, renal insufficiency
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| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
Amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, collagen vascular disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, spondyloarthritis
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| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
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| Trauma
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Cardiac injury from blunt trauma, drowning, electric shock
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| Urologic
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No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
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Binge drinking, drowning, fever, hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia, pain, stress
|
Combined List of Causes in Alphabetical Order
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Causes Based on Pathophysiologic Origin
SVTs from a Sinoatrial Source
Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia
The cause of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is unknown. It is a diagnosis of exclusion after all the specific physiological and psychological triggers of sinus tachycardia have been excluded. The diagnosis of IST is based on the presence of a persistent and recurrent sinus tachycardia on EKG that is otherwise unexplainable.
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
SVTs from an Atrial Source
Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
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SVTs from an Atrioventricular Source
AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
AV Reentrant Tachycardia
Junctional Tachycardia
References