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Revision as of 01:58, 28 May 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: poor appetite, loss of appetite

Overview

Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν)-" (a(n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "όρεξη (orexe) = appetite) is the decreased sensation of appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition, or pose a significant risk.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Postprandial anorexia
Anorexia nervosa
Severe depression
Cancer
Dementia
AIDS
Chronic renal failure
Drugs
Environmentally induced disorders such as
- Altitude sickness
Congestive heart failure
Congestion of the liver with venous blood.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	Chromotherapy, retinoid, theobromine
Dermatologic	Sporotrichosis
Drug Side Effect	Aciclovir, amphetamine , amphotericin B, antidepressants, aprepitant, benzodiazepine, benzylpiperazine, calcitriol, caspofungin acetate, chromotherapy, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, dextromethamphetamine, dextromethylphenidate, diacetylmorphine, diflunisal, doxycycline, enfuvirtide, febuxostat, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, gold salts, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, ivermectin, ketorolac, leptoprin, methylphenidate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, mirtazapine, modafinil, moxifloxacin, [naltrexone]], paroxetine, pipradrol, piroxicam, probenecid,pyrazinamide, ribavirin, rifaximin, rivastigmine, siltuximab, sorafenib, St John's wort, stimulants, theobromine, topiramate, tretinoin, valaciclovir, ziconotide, zidovudine, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat	Mastoiditis
Endocrine	Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, carotenodermia, diabetic neuropathy
Environmental	Acute radiation syndrome
Gastroenterologic	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, appendicitis, binge eating, colorectal cancer, Crohn's Disease, defensive vomiting, hepatitis, hepatitis E, hymenolepiasis, hypervitaminosis D, Lábrea fever, milk-alkali syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, ulcerative colitis
Genetic	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Crohn's Disease
Hematologic	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), AIDS, astroviridae, Chagas disease, community-acquired pneumonia, cryptosporidium parvum, encephalitis, hepatitis, hepatitis E, mumps, Oropouche fever, pneumonia, Pott's disease, relapsing fever, rhinovirus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Mastoiditis
Neurologic	Chronic fatigue syndrome, craniopharyngioma, dementia, encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Oncologic	Chromotherapy, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Acute radiation syndrome , chromotherapy, cocaine, gold salts , hypervitaminosis D, vitamin A
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa, binge eating, borderline personality disorder, bulimia nervosa, clinical depression, defensive vomiting, dementia, depression, hangover, obsessive-compulsive disorder, opioid dependency, orthorexia nervosa, panic disorder
Pulmonary	Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), atypical pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia
Renal / Electrolyte	Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hangover, hypercalcemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Chronic fatigue syndrome
Sexual	AIDS
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, hypercalcemia
Miscellaneous	Chronic mountain sickness, high altitude Sickness behavior

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

References

↑ Exton MS (1997). "Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy". Appetite. 29 (3): 369–83. doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0116. PMID 9468766.
↑ Murray MJ, Murray AB (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". Am J Clin Nutr. 32 (3): 593–6. PMID 283688.

Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:WH Template:WS

bg:Анорексия (симптом) ca:Anorèxia de:Anorexie eu:Anorexia io:Anorexio it:Anoressia lb:Anorexie nl:Anorexie sl:Anoreksija

[pmid9468766-1] Exton MS (1997). "Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy". Appetite. 29 (3): 369–83. doi:10.1006/appe.1997.0116. PMID 9468766.

[pmid283688-2] Murray MJ, Murray AB (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". Am J Clin Nutr. 32 (3): 593–6. PMID 283688.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Causes==
+===Life Threatening Causes===
 ===Common Causes===
 * Postprandial anorexia
@@ Line 19: / Line 21: @@
 * [[AIDS]]
 * [[Chronic renal failure]]
-* Drugs
+* [[Drugs]]
 **[[Stimulants]]
 **[[Narcotics]]
@@ Line 36: / Line 38: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[Retinoid]], [[Theobromine]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chromotherapy]], [[retinoid]], [[theobromine]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 44: / Line 46: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[Amphetamine ]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Antidepressants]], [[Aprepitant]], [[Benzodiazepine]], [[Benzylpiperazine]], [[Calcitriol]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Dextromethamphetamine]], [[Dextromethylphenidate]], [[Diacetylmorphine]], [[Diflunisal]], [[Doxycycline]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Fluconazole]], [[Fluvoxamine]], [[Gold salts]], [[Hydralazine]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Ivermectin]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leptoprin]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Mifepristone]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moxifloxacin]], [[Naltrexone]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Pipradrol]], [[Piroxicam]], [[Probenecid]],[[Pyrazinamide]], [[Ribavirin]], [[Rifaximin]], [[Rivastigmine]], [[Siltuximab]], [[Sorafenib]], [[St John's wort]], [[Stimulants]], [[Theobromine]], [[Topiramate]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Valaciclovir]], [[Ziconotide]], [[Zidovudine]], [[Zopiclone]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aciclovir]], [[amphetamine ]], [[amphotericin B]], [[antidepressants]], [[aprepitant]], [[benzodiazepine]], [[benzylpiperazine]], [[calcitriol]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dextromethamphetamine]], [[dextromethylphenidate]], [[diacetylmorphine]], [[diflunisal]], [[doxycycline]], [[enfuvirtide]], [[febuxostat]], [[fluconazole]], [[fluvoxamine]], [[gold salts]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ivermectin]], [[ketorolac]], [[leptoprin]], [[methylphenidate]], [[mifepristone]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[mirtazapine]], [[modafinil]], [[moxifloxacin]], [naltrexone]], [[paroxetine]], [[pipradrol]], [[piroxicam]], [[probenecid]],[[pyrazinamide]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifaximin]], [[rivastigmine]], [[siltuximab]], [[sorafenib]], [[St John's wort]], [[stimulants]], [[theobromine]], [[topiramate]], [[tretinoin]], [[valaciclovir]], [[ziconotide]], [[zidovudine]], [[zopiclone]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 52: / Line 54: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia Nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Carotenodermia]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[carotenodermia]], [[diabetic neuropathy]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 60: / Line 62: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Binge eating]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Hymenolepiasis]], [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Milk-alkali syndrome]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[appendicitis]], [[binge eating]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[Crohn's Disease]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[hymenolepiasis]], [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[milk-alkali syndrome]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 76: / Line 78: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[Astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cryptosporidium parvum]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepatitis E]], [[Mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rhinovirus]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[AIDS]], [[astroviridae]], [[Chagas disease]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[cryptosporidium parvum]], [[encephalitis]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis E]], [[mumps]], [[Oropouche fever]], [[pneumonia]], [[Pott's disease]], [[relapsing fever]], [[rhinovirus]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 84: / Line 86: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Dementia]], [[Encephalitis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dementia]], [[encephalitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 96: / Line 98: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chromotherapy]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 104: / Line 106: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[Chromotherapy]], [[Cocaine]], [[Gold salts]] , [[Hypervitaminosis D]], [[Vitamin A]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute radiation syndrome]] , [[chromotherapy]], [[cocaine]], [[gold salts]] , [[hypervitaminosis D]], [[vitamin A]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Binge eating]], [[Borderline personality disorder]], [[Bulimia nervosa]], [[Clinical depression]], [[Defensive vomiting]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]],  [[Hangover]], [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[Opioid dependency]], [[Orthorexia nervosa]], [[Panic disorder]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[binge eating]], [[borderline personality disorder]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[clinical depression]], [[defensive vomiting]], [[dementia]], [[depression]],  [[hangover]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[opioid dependency]], [[orthorexia nervosa]], [[panic disorder]]
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]], [[atypical pneumonia]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[pneumonia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hangover]], [[Hypercalcemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hangover]], [[hypercalcemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 131: / Line 133: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Urologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[Hypercalcemia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[hypercalcemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[High altitude]],  Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688  }} </ref>
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Chronic mountain sickness]], [[high altitude]]  Sickness behavior
 |-
 |}
 ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{columns-list|3|
 *[[Aciclovir]]
 *[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
@@ Line 226: / Line 229: @@
 * Sickness behavior<ref name="pmid9468766">{{cite journal| author=Exton MS| title=Infection-induced anorexia: active host defence strategy. | journal=Appetite | year= 1997 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 369-83 | pmid=9468766 | doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9468766  }} </ref><ref name="pmid283688">{{cite journal| author=Murray MJ, Murray AB| title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense. | journal=Am J Clin Nutr | year= 1979 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 593-6 | pmid=283688 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=283688  }} </ref>
 *[[Siltuximab]]
 *[[Sofosbuvir]]
 *[[Sorafenib]]
@@ Line 241: / Line 243: @@
 *[[Zidovudine]]
 *[[Zopiclone]]
+}}
 ==References==