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:* Definitions | :* Definitions | ||
::* '''Pyuria''': the presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram’s stain of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002| issn = 1527-3296| volume = 36| issue = 5| pages = 309–332| last1 = Horan| first1 = Teresa C.| last2 = Andrus| first2 = Mary| last3 = Dudeck| first3 = Margaret A.| title = CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting| journal = American Journal of Infection Control| date = 2008-06| pmid = 18538699}}</ref> | ::* '''Pyuria''': the presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram’s stain of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002| issn = 1527-3296| volume = 36| issue = 5| pages = 309–332| last1 = Horan| first1 = Teresa C.| last2 = Andrus| first2 = Mary| last3 = Dudeck| first3 = Margaret A.| title = CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting| journal = American Journal of Infection Control| date = 2008-06| pmid = 18538699}}</ref> | ||
::* '''Sterile pyuria''': the persistent finding of white cells in the urine in the absence of bacteria, as determined by means of aerobic laboratory techniques (on a 5% sheep-blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate) | ::* '''Sterile pyuria''': the persistent finding of white cells in the urine in the absence of bacteria, as determined by means of aerobic laboratory techniques (on a 5% sheep-blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate)<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1410052| issn = 1533-4406| volume = 372| issue = 11| pages = 1048–1054| last1 = Wise| first1 = Gilbert J.| last2 = Schlegel| first2 = Peter N.| title = Sterile pyuria| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine| date = 2015-03-12| pmid = 25760357}}</ref> | ||
::* '''Bacteriuria''': bacterial colony counts of more than 1000 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter in urine | ::* '''Bacteriuria''': bacterial colony counts of more than 1000 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter in urine | ||
Revision as of 00:55, 14 June 2015
Sterile pyuria
- Sterile pyuria
- Definitions
- Pyuria: the presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, 3 or more white cells per high-power field of unspun urine, a positive result on Gram’s stain of an unspun urine specimen, or a urinary dipstick test that is positive for leukocyte esterase[1]
- Sterile pyuria: the persistent finding of white cells in the urine in the absence of bacteria, as determined by means of aerobic laboratory techniques (on a 5% sheep-blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate)[2]
- Bacteriuria: bacterial colony counts of more than 1000 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter in urine
- Causes[3]
- Infectious etiologies
- Gynecologic infection
- Urethritis due to chlamydia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma, or ureaplasma
- Prostatitis
- Balanitis
- Appendicitis
- Viral infection of the lower genitourinary tract
- Genitourinary tuberculosis
- Fungal infection
- Parasitic disease such as trichomoniasis or schistosomiasis
- Non-infectious etiologies
- Current use of antibiotics
- Recently treated urinary tract infection (within past 2 weeks)
- Presence or recent use of a urinary catheter
- Recent cystoscopy or urologic endoscopy
- Urinary tract stones
- Foreign body such as surgical mesh in the urethra or a retained stent
- Urinary tract neoplasm
- Pelvic irradiation
- Urinary fistula
- Polycystic kidney
- Rejection of a renal transplant
- Renal-vein thrombosis
- Interstitial nephritis or analgesic nephropathy
- Papillary necrosis
- Interstitial cystitis
- Inflammatory disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Kawasaki’s disease
- Pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy
- Tuberculosis
- Preferred regimen: first-line drug therapy for 3–6 mo with a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.
.
- ↑ Horan, Teresa C.; Andrus, Mary; Dudeck, Margaret A. (2008-06). "CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting". American Journal of Infection Control. 36 (5): 309–332. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002. ISSN 1527-3296. PMID 18538699. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Wise, Gilbert J.; Schlegel, Peter N. (2015-03-12). "Sterile pyuria". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (11): 1048–1054. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1410052. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 25760357.
- ↑ Dieter, R. S. (2000). "Sterile pyuria: a differential diagnosis". Comprehensive Therapy. 26 (3): 150–152. ISSN 0098-8243. PMID 10984817.