Mediastinitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Beta-hemolytic streptococcus
• Boerhaave syndrome
• Endoscopy
• Esophageal perforation
• Forceful or constant vomiting
• Median sternotomy
• Trauma

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiac surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery, pulmonary artery stenosis
Chemical / poisoning	Caustic ingestion
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Deep neck infection, Ludwig's angina, retropharyngeal abscess, Zenker's diverticulum
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, Riedel's thyroiditis
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Boerhaave syndrome, bronchoscopy, endoscopy, esophageal foreign body, esophageal rupture, forceful or constant vomiting, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Zenker's diverticulum
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Iatrogenic, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Actinomyces meyeri, anthrax, aspergillus, blastomyces, candida, deep neck infection, fibrosing mediastinitis, histoplasmosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, odontogenic infections, retropharyngeal abscess, sclerosing mediastinitis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus milleri, tonsilitis, wuchereria bancrofti
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Fibrosing mediastinitis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, sclerosing mediastinitis
Renal / Electrolyte	Forceful or constant vomiting
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Retroperitoneal fibrosis, sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Dental	Dental caries, odontogenic infections
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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2

References

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