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Treat children and adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (except pregnant women in their first trimester) with one of the following recommended ACT (artemisinin-based combination therapy)
Treat children and adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (except pregnant women in their first trimester) with one of the following recommended ACT (artemisinin-based combination therapy)


::* Preferred regimen(1):  [[Artemether]] 5–24 mg/kg bw  PO {{ and}} [[ Lumefantrine]] PO 29–144 mg/ kg bw . Both are  given bid for 3 days (total, six doses). The first two doses should, ideally, be given 8 h apart.
::* Preferred regimen(1):  [[Artemether]] 5–24 mg/kg bw  PO {{ and}} [[ Lumefantrine]] 29–144 mg/ kg bw PO, Both are  given bid for 3 days (total, six doses). The first two doses should, ideally, be given 8 h apart.




::* Preferred regimen(2): artesunate + amodiaquine •The target dose (and range) are 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day artesunate and 10 (7.5–15) mg/kg bw per day amodiaquine once a day for 3 days. A total therapeutic dose range of 6–30 mg/kg bw per day artesunate and 22.5–45 mg/kg bw per dose amodiaquine is recommended.  
::* Preferred regimen(2):[[ Artesunate]] (2–10) mg/kg bw per day {{ and}} [[Amodiaquine]](7.5–15) mg/kg bw per day ,both are given once a day for 3 days. A total therapeutic dose range of 6–30 mg/kg bw per day artesunate and 22.5–45 mg/kg bw per dose amodiaquine is recommended.  
 
::* Preferred regimen(3): [[ Artesunate]] (2–10) mg/kg bw per day{{ and}} [[Mefloquine]] (2–10) mg/kg bw per day both are given once a day for 3 days
 
::* Preferred regimen(4): [[ Artesunate]] (2–10) mg/kg bw per day given once a day for 3 days {{ and}} [[Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine]]  1.25 (25–70 / 1.25–3.5) mg/kg bw given as a single dose on day 1
::* Preferred regimen(3): artesunate + mefloquine •Target doses (ranges) of 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day artesunate and 8.3 (5–11) mg/kg bw per day mefloquine, given once a day for 3 days
::* Preferred regimen(5):[[ Dihydroartemisinin]] (2–10) mg/kg bw per day  {{ and}}  [[ Piperaquine]](16–27) mg/kg bw per day : A target dose (range) of 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 18 (16–27) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine given once a day for 3 days for adults and children weighing ≥ 25 kg. The target doses and ranges for children weighing < 25 kg are 4 (2.5–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 24 (20–32) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine once a day for 3 days.  
 
::* Preferred regimen(4): Artesunate + sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine:e: A target dose (range) of 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day artesunate given once a day for 3 days and a single administration of at least 25 / 1.25 (25–70 / 1.25–3.5) mg/kg bw sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine given as a single dose on day 1
 
::* Preferred regimen(5): Dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine: A target dose (range) of 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 18 (16–27) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine given once a day for 3 days for adults and children weighing ≥ 25 kg. The target doses and ranges for children weighing < 25 kg are 4 (2.5–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 24 (20–32) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine once a day for 3 days.  




Revision as of 19:15, 8 July 2015

  • Influenza A and B
  • Adults
  • Preferred regimen:Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)75 mg bid for 5 days OR Zanamivir(Relenza) 10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations)bid for 5 days OR Peramivir(Rapivab) One 600 mg dose, via intravenous infusion for 15-30 minutes for 1 day
  • Children
  • Preferred regimen:Oseltamivir If younger than 1 yr old: 3 mg/kg/dose bid If 1 yr or older, dose varies by child’s weight: 15 kg or less, the dose is 30 mg bid; >15 to 23 kg, the dose is 45 mg bid ;>23 to 40 kg, the dose is 60 mg bid; >40 kg, the dose is 75 mg bid for 5 days OR
  • Zanamivir(Relenza) 10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations)bid
  • Note:FDA approved and recommended Peramivir(Rapivab) for use in adults ≥18 yrs
  • Dosing in Adult Patients with Renal Impairment
  • Oral oseltamivir
  • Creatinine clearance 61 to 90 mL/min-75 mg twice a day
  • Creatinine clearance 31 to 60 mL/min-30 mg twice a day
  • Creatinine clearance 10 to 30 mL/min-30 mg once daily
  • ESRD Patients on Hemodialysis
  • Creatinine clearance ≤10 mL/min-30 mg after every hemodialysis cycle. Treatment duration not to exceed 5 days
  • ESRD Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis-A single 30 mg dose administered immediately after a dialysis exchange


  • Intravenous Peramivir (single dose)
  • Creatinine clearance >50 mL/min-600mg
  • Creatinine clearance 30 to 49 mL/min-200mg
  • Creatinine clearance 10 to 29 mL/min-100mg
  • ESRD Patients on Hemodialysis-Dose administered after dialysis at a dose adjusted based on creatinine clearance




  • 2. Acanthamoeba Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis and Disseminated Disease
  1. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.


  • Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis[1][2]
  • Preferred regimen: Amphotericin B 1.5 mg/kg /day bid for 3 days; then 1 mg/kg/day for 6 days AND1.5 mg/day intrathecal x 2 days; then 1 mg/day intrathecal qd for 8 days.
  • Note: Investigational drug called miltefosine also available for treatment.
  1. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
  2. ↑ Template:Citeweb


avian flu [1]

  • 1.Preferred regimen:Oseltamivir 75 mg PO qd for a minimum 10 days
  • Note:Patients with severe disease may have diarrhea and may not absorb oseltamivir efficiently
  • 2.Patients with Avian Influenza who have diarrhea and malabsorption
  • Preferred regimen:Zanamivir10 mg inhaled bid for minimum 5 days OR Peramivir600 mg IV as a single dose for1 day
  • Note(1)Preliminary evidence demonstrates that neuraminidase inhibitor can reduce the duration of viral replication and improve survival among patients with avian influenza. In cases of suspected avian influenza, one of the following 3 neuraminidase inhibitors should be administered as soon possible, preferably within 48 hours of symptom onset.
  • Note(2)The use of corticosteroids is not recommended.
  • Note(3): Physicians may consider increasing either the recommended daily dose and/or the duration of treatment in cases of severe disease.
  • Note(4):The use of amantadine is not recommended as most H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses are resistant to it.[2]
  • Note(5):Supportive care is also an important cornerstone of the care of patients with avian influenza. Considering the severity of the illness and the possible complications, patients may require fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, intubation and ventilation, paracentesis, hemodialysis or hemofiltration, and parentral nutrition.
  1. ↑ Avian Influenza Factsheet. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/ Accessed on April 22, 2015
  2. ↑ WHO guidelines for pharmacological management of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and other influenza viruses. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/h1n1_use_antivirals_20090820/en/ Accessed on April 22, 2015


  • Chronic granulomatous meningitis.[1]


  • Chronic granulomatous meningitis.[2]









Babesia microti; babesiosis

  • 1.Mild/moderate disease.[3]
  • 2.Severe babesiosis:
  • Preferred regimen: Clindamycin 600 mg po tid AND Quinine 650 mg po tid for 7–10 days OR Clindamycin 1.2 gm IV bid.
  • Note(1) For overwhelming infection in asplenic patients and immunocompromised patients, treat for 6 or more weeks
  • Note(2)Consider transfusion if 􀂕10% parasitemia


CL

IM SbV at 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days for the treatment of L. major, the national standard for the treatment of CL


  • ===1.Cutaneous Leishmaniasis===
  • 1.1Systemic Therapy (Parenteral)
  • Preferred Regimen: Sodium stibogluconate 20 mg/kg IV/IM once qd for 10-20 days OR Meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg IV/IM once qd for 10-20 days
  • Alternative Regimen: Liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/kg/day IV infusion for 6-10 days OR Pentamidine 2-3 mg/kg/day IV/IM for 4-7 days
  • Note: Data supporting the use of amphotericin B for treatment of cutaneous (and mucosal) leishmaniasis are anecdotal; standard dosage regimens have not been established. In the United States, pentamidine isethionate is uncommonly used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Its limitations include the potential for irreversible toxicity and variable effectiveness.
  • 1.2 Systemic Therapy (Oral)
  • Preferred Regimen: In adults and adolescents at least 12 years of age who weigh from 33-44 kg:-Miltefosine 50 mg PO q12h for 28 days
  • Patients who weigh >45 kg:-Miltefosine 50 mg PO q8h for 28 days
  • Alternative Regimen:Ketoconazole 600 mg qd for 28 days OR Fluconazole 200 mg qd for 6 weeks
  • Note:The FDA-approved indications are limited to infection caused by three particular species, all three of which are New World species in the Viannia subgenus—namely, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis, and L. (V.) guyanensis. The "azoles" showed modest activity against some Leishmania species in some cases, but are not FDA approved
  • 1.3Local Therapy
  • List of possible local therapies
  • Cryotherapy (with liquid nitrogen OR Thermotherapy (use of localized current field radiofrequency heat) OR Intralesional administration of SbV OR Topical application of paromomycin (such as an ointment containing 15% paromomycin/12% methylbenzethonium chloride in soft white paraffin)
  • 2.Visceral Leishmaniasis
  • 2.1Systemic Therapy (Parenteral)
  • Preferred Regimen: Liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/kg/day IV for 5 days, then once on day 14 and once on day 21 (Total dose: 21 mg/kg) ORSodium stibogluconate 20 mg/kg IV/IM once daily for 28 days OR Meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg IV/IM once daily for 28 days'
  • Alternative Regimen:Amphotericin B deoxycholate 0.5-1 mg/kg IV once daily (Total dose: 15-20 mg/kg)
  • Note: In immunosuppressed patients, dose is 4 mg/kg/day for 5 days, then once on day 10, 17, 24, 31, and 38 (Total dose: 40 mg/kg)
  • 2.2 Systemic Therapy (Oral)
  • Preferred Regimen:In adults and adolescents at least 12 years of age, who weigh from 33-44 kg:Miltefosine 50 mg PO q12h for 28 days Patients who weigh >45 kg:Miltefosine 50 mg PO q8h for 28 days

Malaraia

Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria Treat children and adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (except pregnant women in their first trimester) with one of the following recommended ACT (artemisinin-based combination therapy)

  • Preferred regimen(1): Artemether 5–24 mg/kg bw PO AND Lumefantrine 29–144 mg/ kg bw PO, Both are given bid for 3 days (total, six doses). The first two doses should, ideally, be given 8 h apart.


  • Preferred regimen(2):Artesunate (2–10) mg/kg bw per day AND Amodiaquine(7.5–15) mg/kg bw per day ,both are given once a day for 3 days. A total therapeutic dose range of 6–30 mg/kg bw per day artesunate and 22.5–45 mg/kg bw per dose amodiaquine is recommended.
  • Preferred regimen(3): Artesunate (2–10) mg/kg bw per dayAND Mefloquine (2–10) mg/kg bw per day both are given once a day for 3 days
  • Preferred regimen(4): Artesunate (2–10) mg/kg bw per day given once a day for 3 days AND Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine 1.25 (25–70 / 1.25–3.5) mg/kg bw given as a single dose on day 1
  • Preferred regimen(5):Dihydroartemisinin (2–10) mg/kg bw per day AND Piperaquine(16–27) mg/kg bw per day : A target dose (range) of 4 (2–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 18 (16–27) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine given once a day for 3 days for adults and children weighing ≥ 25 kg. The target doses and ranges for children weighing < 25 kg are 4 (2.5–10) mg/kg bw per day dihydroartemisinin and 24 (20–32) mg/kg bw per day piperaquine once a day for 3 days.



Reducing the transmissibility of treated P. falciparum infections In low-transmission areas,

give a single dose of 0.25 mg/kg bw primaquine with ACT to patients with P. falciparum malaria (except pregnant women, infants aged < 6 months and women breastfeeding infants aged < 6 months) to reduce transmission. G6PD testing is not required.

  1. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
  2. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
  3. ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
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