Epidural abscess causes: Difference between revisions
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list|2| | {{columns-list|2| | ||
*[[Aerobic gram-negative bacilli]] | *[[gram-negative bacteria|Aerobic gram-negative bacilli]] | ||
*[[Anaerobes]] | *[[Anaerobes]] | ||
*[[Anaerobic streptococci]] | *[[streptococcus|Anaerobic streptococci]] | ||
*[[Anesthetic procedures]] | *[[anesthesia|Anesthetic procedures]] | ||
*[[Aspergillus | *[[Aspergillus]] | ||
*[[Back surgery]] | *[[surgery|Back surgery]] | ||
*[[Blastomycosis]] | *[[Blastomycosis]] | ||
*[[Bloodstream | *[[Bloodstream infection]] | ||
*[[Bone infections]] | *[[Bone infections]] | ||
*[[Candida]] | *[[Candida]] | ||
*[[Cholesteatoma]] | *[[Cholesteatoma]] | ||
*[[Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] | *[[staphylococcus|Coagulase-negative staphylococci]] | ||
*[[Craniotomy]] | *[[Craniotomy]] | ||
*[[Dracunculus]] | *[[Dracunculus]] | ||
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*[[Gram-negative bacilli]] | *[[Gram-negative bacilli]] | ||
*[[Gram-negative bacteria]] | *[[Gram-negative bacteria]] | ||
*[[Gram-positive bacilli]] | *[[gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive bacilli]] | ||
*[[Head injury]] | *[[Head injury]] | ||
*[[HIV]] | *[[HIV]] | ||
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*[[intravenous therapy|Scalp venous catheter]] | *[[intravenous therapy|Scalp venous catheter]] | ||
*[[Sinusitis]] | *[[Sinusitis]] | ||
*[[Spinal surgery]] | *[[surgery|Spinal surgery]] | ||
*[[sporotrichosis|Sporothrix]] | *[[sporotrichosis|Sporothrix]] | ||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]] | *[[Staphylococcus aureus]] | ||
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*[[Trauma]] | *[[Trauma]] | ||
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===Causes of Epidural Abscess Bases on Classification=== | ===Causes of Epidural Abscess Bases on Classification=== | ||
Revision as of 14:35, 15 July 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
An epidural abscess is a rare suppurative infection of the central nervous system, a collection of pus localised in the epidural space, lying outside the dura mater. It may occur in two different places: intracranially or in the spinal canal. According to the region of infection, some responsible organisms will be shared by both types of abscess however, others will differ, mainly because of the risk factors involved in that particular area and the mechanisms of infection. In the case of intracranial epidural abscess, the most common risk factors are sinusitis and neurosurgical procedures, while in the case of spinal epidural abscess, the most common risk factors are infections of the surrounding tissues and spinal procedures.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Epidural abscess is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the cause.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes of Epidural Abscess Bases on Classification
Although some infectious organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscess, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the most common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as early as possible. [1][2][3][4][5]
Intracranial Epidural Abscess
- If infection following neurosurgery:
Spinal Epidural Abscess
References
- ↑ Darouiche, Rabih O. (2006). "Spinal Epidural Abscess". New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2012–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Danner, R. L.; Hartman, B. J. (1987). "Update of Spinal Epidural Abscess: 35 Cases and Review of the Literature". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 9 (2): 265–274. doi:10.1093/clinids/9.2.265. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Nussbaum ES, Rigamonti D, Standiford H, Numaguchi Y, Wolf AL, Robinson WL (1992). "Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review". Surg Neurol. 38 (3): 225–31. PMID 1359657.
- ↑ Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, Weathers SW, Musher DM (1992). "Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey". Medicine (Baltimore). 71 (6): 369–85. PMID 1359381.
- ↑ Longo, Dan L. (Dan Louis) (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medici. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
- ↑ Griffiths DL (1980). "Tuberculosis of the spine: a review". Adv Tuberc Res. 20: 92–110. PMID 7395641.