Legionellosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Legionellosis (Legionella spp. infection) can be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentations: pulmonary infection (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and Pontiac fever.

Classification

• Legionella infection (syn. Legionellosis)

• Extrapulmonary legionella infection (syn. Nonpneumonic Legionnaires' disease)

• Cutaneous involvement legionellosis
• Disseminated legionella infection
• Legionella encephalopathy
• Pontiac fever

• Infection by Legionella pneumophilia
• Legionella pneumonia (syn. Legionnaire's disease)

• Healthcare associated Legionnaires' disease
• Pittsburgh pneumonia

Legionnaires' Disease vs. Pontiac Fever

'	Legionnaires' disease	Pontiac fever
Clinical features	Pneumonia, cough, fever	Flu-like illness (fever, chills, malaise) without pneumonia
Radiographic pneumonia	Yes	No
Incubation period	2-14 days after exposure	24-72 hours after exposure
Etiologic agent	Legionella species	Legionella species
Attack rate[1]	< 5%	> 90%
Isolation of organism	Possible	Never
Outcome	Hospitalization common	Hospitalization uncommon
	Case-fatality rate: 5-30%	Case-fatality rate: 0%