Listeria monocytogenes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Shanshan Cen (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
YazanDaaboul (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
''Listeria monocytogenes'' is a | ''Listeria monocytogenes'' is a facultative [[intracellular]], [[anaerobe|anaerobic]], [[spore|nonsporulating]], [[Gram-positive]] [[bacillus]]. ''Listeria'' is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562625_part1.pdf }}</ref> | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
[[Bacteria]]; [[Firmicutes]]; [[Bacilli]]; [[Bacillales]]; [[Listeriaceae]]; [[Listeria]]; [[Listeria monocytogenes]] | [[Bacteria]]; [[Firmicutes]]; [[Bacilli]]; [[Bacillales]]; [[Listeriaceae]]; [[Listeria]]; [[Listeria monocytogenes]] | ||
== | ==Microbiological Characteristics== | ||
*''Listeria monocytogenes'' is a facultative [[intracellular]], [[anaerobe|anaerobic]], [[spore|nonsporulating]], [[Gram-positive]] [[bacillus]]. | |||
{| style="float: right;" | {| style="float: right;" | ||
| [[Image:Listeria1.png|thumb|none| Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes bacterium, Magnified 41,250X<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/ Adapted from Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.]''<ref name="PHIL">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | | [[Image:Listeria1.png|thumb|none| Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes bacterium, Magnified 41,250X<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/ Adapted from Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.]''<ref name="PHIL">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 24: | ||
[[Listeria]] produces acid and not gas in a variety of [[carbohydrates]].<ref>Chapter 13. Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Actinomycetes, & Related Pathogens ,Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th Edition ,The McGraw-Hill Companies</ref> It has the ability to grow at temperatures between 0°C and 45ºC, which allows it to survive in a diverse array of environments such as soil, water, food products, and within the host cells. It can grown in an environment where the [[pH]] level ranges from 4.4 and 9.4. | [[Listeria]] produces acid and not gas in a variety of [[carbohydrates]].<ref>Chapter 13. Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Actinomycetes, & Related Pathogens ,Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th Edition ,The McGraw-Hill Companies</ref> It has the ability to grow at temperatures between 0°C and 45ºC, which allows it to survive in a diverse array of environments such as soil, water, food products, and within the host cells. It can grown in an environment where the [[pH]] level ranges from 4.4 and 9.4. | ||
''Listeria'' uses the [[cellular]] machinery | *''Listeria'' uses the [[cellular]] machinery of the host cell to migrate intracellularly. | ||
*It induces directed [[polymerization]] of [[actin]] by the ActA [[transmembrane protein]], thus pushing the [[bacterial]] [[cell]] inside the host [[cell]]. | |||
==Natural Reservoir== | ==Natural Reservoir== | ||
Listeria monocytogenes | *In the environment, ''Listeria monocytogenes'' is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material. | ||
*Animals may be asymptomatic carriers of ''Listeria''.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562625_part1.pdf }}</ref> | |||
''L. monocytogenes'' has been associated with foods such as raw [[milk]], pasteurized fluid milk<ref name=Fleming_1985>Fleming, D. W., S. L. Cochi, K. L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P. S. Hayes, B. D. Plikaytis, M. B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C. V. Broome, and A. L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.</ref> | *''L. monocytogenes'' has been associated with foods such as raw [[milk]], pasteurized fluid milk, [[cheese]]s (particularly soft-ripened varieties), [[ice cream]], raw [[vegetables]], fermented raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked [[poultry]], raw meats, and raw and smoked [[fish]].<ref name=Fleming_1985>Fleming, D. W., S. L. Cochi, K. L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P. S. Hayes, B. D. Plikaytis, M. B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C. V. Broome, and A. L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.</ref> | ||
*''Listeria'' has the ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0°C, allows its multiplication in refrigerated foods. At refrigerated temperature such as 4°C, the amount of ferric iron in the environment promotes the growth of ''L. monocytogenes''.<ref name=Dworaczek_Kubo_Dykes_2002>Dykes, G. A., Dworaczek (Kubo), M. 2002. Influence of interactions between temperature, ferric ammonium citrate and glycine betaine on the growth of ''Listeria monocytogenes'' in a defined medium. Lett Appl Microbiol. 35(6):538-42.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 25 January 2016
|
Listeriosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Listeria monocytogenes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Listeria monocytogenes |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes |
This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s). For clinical aspects of the disease, see Listeriosis.
Template:Seealso Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular, anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacillus. Listeria is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.[1]
Taxonomy
Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacilli; Bacillales; Listeriaceae; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes
Microbiological Characteristics
- Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular, anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacillus.
 |
 |
 |
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular parasite, anaerobe, nonsporulating bacillus, with polar flagellae. It is a catalase-positive organism that exhibits motility, more specifically tumbling motility (between 20-25ºC). At 35 ºC the bacterium looses its motility.
Listeria produces acid and not gas in a variety of carbohydrates.[3] It has the ability to grow at temperatures between 0°C and 45ºC, which allows it to survive in a diverse array of environments such as soil, water, food products, and within the host cells. It can grown in an environment where the pH level ranges from 4.4 and 9.4.
- Listeria uses the cellular machinery of the host cell to migrate intracellularly.
- It induces directed polymerization of actin by the ActA transmembrane protein, thus pushing the bacterial cell inside the host cell.
Natural Reservoir
- In the environment, Listeria monocytogenes is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.
- Animals may be asymptomatic carriers of Listeria.[1]
- L. monocytogenes has been associated with foods such as raw milk, pasteurized fluid milk, cheeses (particularly soft-ripened varieties), ice cream, raw vegetables, fermented raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats, and raw and smoked fish.[4]
- Listeria has the ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0°C, allows its multiplication in refrigerated foods. At refrigerated temperature such as 4°C, the amount of ferric iron in the environment promotes the growth of L. monocytogenes.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods" (PDF).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".
- ↑ Chapter 13. Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Actinomycetes, & Related Pathogens ,Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th Edition ,The McGraw-Hill Companies
- ↑ Fleming, D. W., S. L. Cochi, K. L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P. S. Hayes, B. D. Plikaytis, M. B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C. V. Broome, and A. L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.
- ↑ Dykes, G. A., Dworaczek (Kubo), M. 2002. Influence of interactions between temperature, ferric ammonium citrate and glycine betaine on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a defined medium. Lett Appl Microbiol. 35(6):538-42.