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{{Infobox Disease | | {{Infobox Disease | | ||
Name = Erysipeloid | | Name = Erysipeloid | | ||
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MeshID = D004887 | | MeshID = D004887 | | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In humans, ''[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]'' infections most commonly present in a mild [[cutaneous]] form known as '''erysipeloid'''<ref name=Brooke_1999>{{cite journal |doi=10.1099/00222615-48-9-789 |author=Brooke C, Riley T |title=Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of an occupational pathogen |journal=J Med Microbiol |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=789–99 |year=1999 |pmid=10482289}}</ref> or '''fish poisoning'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/mca/mcga-shs_capt_guide_chap8.pdf|page=190|title=THE SHIP CAPTAIN’S MEDICAL GUIDE}}</ref> ''E. rhusiopathiae'' can cause an indolent [[cellulitis]], more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat.<ref name=Lehane_2000>{{cite journal |author=Lehane L, Rawlin G |title=Topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review |journal=Med J Aust |volume=173 |issue=5 |pages=256–9 |year=2000 |pmid=11130351}}</ref> It gains entry typically by abrasions in the hand. [[Bacteremia]] and [[endocarditis]] are uncommon but serious sequelae.<ref name=Brouqui_2001>{{cite journal |author=Brouqui P, Raoult D |title=Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria |journal=Clin Microbiol Rev |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=177–207 |year=2001 |pmid=11148009 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001 |pmc=88969}}</ref><ref name=Nassar_2005>{{cite journal |author=Nassar I, de la Llana R, Garrido P, Martinez-Sanz R |title=Mitro-aortic infective endocarditis produced by ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'': case report and review of the literature |journal=J Heart Valve Dis |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=320–4 |year=2005 |pmid=15974525}}</ref> Due to the rarity of reported human cases, ''E. rhusiopathiae'' infections are frequently misidentified at presentation.<ref name=Brooke_1999 /> | In humans, ''[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]]'' infections most commonly present in a mild [[cutaneous]] form known as '''erysipeloid'''<ref name=Brooke_1999>{{cite journal |doi=10.1099/00222615-48-9-789 |author=Brooke C, Riley T |title=Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of an occupational pathogen |journal=J Med Microbiol |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=789–99 |year=1999 |pmid=10482289}}</ref> or '''fish poisoning'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dft.gov.uk/mca/mcga-shs_capt_guide_chap8.pdf|page=190|title=THE SHIP CAPTAIN’S MEDICAL GUIDE}}</ref> ''E. rhusiopathiae'' can cause an indolent [[cellulitis]], more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat.<ref name=Lehane_2000>{{cite journal |author=Lehane L, Rawlin G |title=Topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review |journal=Med J Aust |volume=173 |issue=5 |pages=256–9 |year=2000 |pmid=11130351}}</ref> It gains entry typically by abrasions in the hand. [[Bacteremia]] and [[endocarditis]] are uncommon but serious sequelae.<ref name=Brouqui_2001>{{cite journal |author=Brouqui P, Raoult D |title=Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria |journal=Clin Microbiol Rev |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=177–207 |year=2001 |pmid=11148009 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001 |pmc=88969}}</ref><ref name=Nassar_2005>{{cite journal |author=Nassar I, de la Llana R, Garrido P, Martinez-Sanz R |title=Mitro-aortic infective endocarditis produced by ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'': case report and review of the literature |journal=J Heart Valve Dis |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=320–4 |year=2005 |pmid=15974525}}</ref> Due to the rarity of reported human cases, ''E. rhusiopathiae'' infections are frequently misidentified at presentation.<ref name=Brooke_1999 /> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of choice is a single dose of [[Penicillin#Benzathine|benzathine benzylpenicillin]] given by [[intramuscular injection]], or a five-day to one-week course of either [[penicillin#Phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin V|oral penicillin]] or intramuscular [[procaine benzylpenicillin]].<ref name=POC-IT>{{cite web |url=http://prod.hopkins-abxguide.org/pathogens/bacteria/aerobic_gram_positive_bacillus/erysipelothrix_rhusiopathiae.html |title=''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' |author=Vinetz J |date=October 4, 2007 |work=Point-of-Care Information Technology ABX Guide |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]]}} Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Freely available with registration.</ref> [[Erythromycin]] or [[doxycycline]] may be given instead to people who are allergic to penicillin. ''E. rhusiopathiae'' is intrinsically [[antibiotic resistance|resistant]] to [[vancomycin]].<ref name=POC-IT/> | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
===Antimicrobial Regimen=== | ===Antimicrobial Regimen=== | ||
:* Preferred regimen (1): [[Penicillin]] 500 mg qid for 7–10 days | :* Preferred regimen (1): [[Penicillin]] 500 mg qid for 7–10 days | ||
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::* Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful. | ::* Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful. | ||
== See also == | ==See also== | ||
* [[Erysipeloid of Rosenbach]] | * [[Erysipeloid of Rosenbach]] | ||
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{{Cutaneous infections}} | {{Cutaneous infections}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
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{{WH}} | |||
Revision as of 19:36, 2 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
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| Erysipeloid | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Cellular and colonial morphology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae | |
| ICD-10 | A26 |
| ICD-9 | 027.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 4432 |
| MedlinePlus | 000632 |
| eMedicine | derm/602 |
| MeSH | D004887 |
Overview
In humans, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections most commonly present in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid[1] or fish poisoning.[2] E. rhusiopathiae can cause an indolent cellulitis, more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat.[3] It gains entry typically by abrasions in the hand. Bacteremia and endocarditis are uncommon but serious sequelae.[4][5] Due to the rarity of reported human cases, E. rhusiopathiae infections are frequently misidentified at presentation.[1]
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Erysipeloid from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
The treatment of choice is a single dose of benzathine benzylpenicillin given by intramuscular injection, or a five-day to one-week course of either oral penicillin or intramuscular procaine benzylpenicillin.[6] Erythromycin or doxycycline may be given instead to people who are allergic to penicillin. E. rhusiopathiae is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin.[6]
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
Antimicrobial Regimen
- Preferred regimen (1): Penicillin 500 mg qid for 7–10 days
- Preferred regimen (2): Amoxicillin 500 mg tid for 7–10 days
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae [7]
- 1. Erysipeloid of Rosenbach (localized cutaneous infection)
- Preferred regimen (1): Penicillin G benzathine 1.2 MU IV single dose
- Preferred regimen (2): Penicillin VK 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Preferred regimen (3): Procaine penicillin 0.6-1.2 MU IM qd for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (1): Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid for 5-7 days
- Alternative regimen (2): Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 5-7 days
- 2. Diffuse cutaneous infection
- Preferred regimen: See localized infection
- 3. Bacteremia or endocarditis
- Preferred regimen: Penicillin G benzathine 2-4 MU IV q4h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (1): Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (2): Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (3): Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h for 4-6 weeks
- Alternative regimen (4): Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h for 4-6 weeks
- Note: Recommended duration of therapy for endocarditis is 4 to 6 weeks, although shorter courses consisting of 2 weeks of intravenous therapy followed by 2 to 4 weeks of oral therapy have been successful.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brooke C, Riley T (1999). "Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of an occupational pathogen". J Med Microbiol. 48 (9): 789–99. doi:10.1099/00222615-48-9-789. PMID 10482289.
- ↑ "THE SHIP CAPTAIN'S MEDICAL GUIDE" (PDF). p. 190.
- ↑ Lehane L, Rawlin G (2000). "Topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review". Med J Aust. 173 (5): 256–9. PMID 11130351.
- ↑ Brouqui P, Raoult D (2001). "Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria". Clin Microbiol Rev. 14 (1): 177–207. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001. PMC 88969. PMID 11148009.
- ↑ Nassar I, de la Llana R, Garrido P, Martinez-Sanz R (2005). "Mitro-aortic infective endocarditis produced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: case report and review of the literature". J Heart Valve Dis. 14 (3): 320–4. PMID 15974525.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vinetz J (October 4, 2007). "Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae". Point-of-Care Information Technology ABX Guide. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Freely available with registration.
- ↑ Bartlett, John (2012). Johns Hopkins ABX guide : diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1449625580.