Astrocytoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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===Gross Pathology=== | ===Gross Pathology=== | ||
[[Image:615px-Gemistocytic_Astrocytoma_003.jpg|200px|thumb|center|A gross specimen of gemistocytic astrocytoma]] | [[Image:615px-Gemistocytic_Astrocytoma_003.jpg|200px|thumb|center|A gross specimen of gemistocytic astrocytoma]] | ||
Astrocytoma may be associated with glioma and primary brain neoplasm. Astrocytoma may be a risk factor for Glioblastoma multiforme. | * Astrocytoma may be associated with glioma and primary brain neoplasm. Astrocytoma may be a risk factor for Glioblastoma multiforme.Astrocytoma causes regional effects by compression, invasion, and destruction of brain parenchyma, arterial and venous hypoxia, competition for nutrients, release of metabolic end products (e.g., free radicals, altered electrolytes, neurotransmitters), and release and recruitment of cellular mediators (e.g., cytokines) that disrupt normal parenchymal function.<ref name=EMedicine283453/> Secondary clinical sequelae may be caused by elevated [[intracranial pressure]] (ICP) attributable to direct mass effect, increased blood volume, or increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume.<ref name=EMedicine283453/> | ||
===Microscopic Pathology=== | ===Microscopic Pathology=== | ||
Revision as of 12:43, 20 August 2015
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Astrocytoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Study |
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Astrocytoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Astrocytoma pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Astrocytoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivali Marketkar, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Astrocytomas have a predilection for the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pons, and optic nerve and chiasm. Although astrocytomas have many different histological characteristics, the most common type is the well-differentiated fibrillary astrocytoma. These tumors express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which possibly functions as a tumor suppressor[1], and is a useful diagnostic marker in a tissue biopsy. [2]
Pathophysiology
Gross Pathology
- Astrocytoma may be associated with glioma and primary brain neoplasm. Astrocytoma may be a risk factor for Glioblastoma multiforme.Astrocytoma causes regional effects by compression, invasion, and destruction of brain parenchyma, arterial and venous hypoxia, competition for nutrients, release of metabolic end products (e.g., free radicals, altered electrolytes, neurotransmitters), and release and recruitment of cellular mediators (e.g., cytokines) that disrupt normal parenchymal function.[3] Secondary clinical sequelae may be caused by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) attributable to direct mass effect, increased blood volume, or increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume.[3]
Microscopic Pathology
- Histologic diagnosis with tissue biopsy will normally reveal an infiltrative character suggestive of the slow growing nature of the tumor. The tumor may be cavitating, pseudocyst-forming, or noncavitating. Appearance is usually white-gray, firm, and almost indistinguishable from normal white matter.
Histopathological Video
Video
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References
- ↑ M Toda; et al. (1994). "Cell growth suppression of astrocytoma C6 cells by glial fibrillary acidic protein cDNA transfection". Journal of Neurochemistry. 63 (5): 1975–1978. PMID 7931355.
- ↑ JHN Deck; et al. (1978). "The role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the diagnosis of central nervous system tumors". Acta Neuropathologica. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. 42 (3): 183–190. doi:10.1007/BF00690355.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Invalid
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