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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are light-colored skin and chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other risk factors include old age, male gender, family history of melanoma, personal history of skin cancers, immunodeficiency, and certain hereditary disorders.
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
 
*The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are '''light-colored skin''' and '''chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation'''.
 
*Other Risk factors for the development of melanoma include:
===Hereditary Factors===
:*Old age
*Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome
:*Male gender
*Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation
:*Family history of melanoma
*Dysplastic nevus syndrome
:*Multiple benign or atypical nevi
*Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome
:*Personal history of melanoma
*Retinoblastoma
:*Administration of immunosuppressive therapy
 
:*Sun sensitivity
===Environmental Factors===
:*Therapeutic agents
*Chronic ultraviolet exposure
::*Prosalen
 
::*Ultraviolet A light therapy
==Other==
::*Neonatal blue light phototherapy
Possible significant elements in determining risk include the '''intensity and duration of sun exposure''', the age at which sun exposure occurs, and the degree of [[skin pigmentation]]. Exposure during childhood is a more important risk factor than exposure in adulthood.  This is seen in migration studies in Australia<ref>{{cite journal | author = Khlat M, Vail A, Parkin M, Green A | title = Mortality from melanoma in migrants to Australia: variation by age at arrival and duration of stay. | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 135 | issue = 10 | pages = 1103-13 | year = 1992 | id = PMID 1632422}}</ref> where people tend to retain the risk profile of their country of birth if they migrate to Australia as an adult. Individuals with blistering or peeling sunburns (especially in the first twenty years of life) have a significantly greater risk for melanoma.
:*Environmental chemical exposure
 
::*Polyvinyl chloride
'''Fair and red-headed people''', '''persons with multiple atypical [[nevi]]''' or '''[[dysplastic nevus|dysplastic nevi]]''' and '''persons born with giant [[congenital melanocytic nevi]]''' are at increased risk.<ref name="IMAGE">{{cite journal | author = Bliss J, Ford D, Swerdlow A, Armstrong B, Cristofolini M, Elwood J, Green A, Holly E, Mack T, MacKie R | title = Risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with pigmentation characteristics and freckling: systematic overview of 10 case-control studies. The International Melanoma Analysis Group (IMAGE). | journal = Int J Cancer | volume = 62 | issue = 4 | pages = 367-76 | year = 1995 | id = PMID 7635560}}</ref>
::*Heavy metals
 
::*Pesticides
A '''family history of melanoma''' greatly increases a person's risk because mutations in ''[[CDKN2A]]'', ''[[CDK4]]'' and several other genes have been found in melanoma-prone families.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Miller A, Mihm M | title = Melanoma. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 355 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-65 | year = 2006 | id = PMID 16822996}}</ref> Patients with a history of one melanoma are at increased risk of developing a second primary tumour.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Rhodes A, Weinstock M, Fitzpatrick T, Mihm M, Sober A | title = Risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. A practical method of recognizing predisposed individuals. | journal = JAMA | volume = 258 | issue = 21 | pages = 3146-54 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3312689}}</ref>
:*Hereditary diseases
 
::*Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome
'''Airline pilots''' have a greater risk of melanoma due to increased cosmic radiation exposure.
::*Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation
 
::*Dysplastic nevus syndrome
::*Retinoblastoma
::*Xeroderma pigmentosum
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 21:54, 21 August 2015

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Overview

The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are light-colored skin and chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Other risk factors include old age, male gender, family history of melanoma, personal history of skin cancers, immunodeficiency, and certain hereditary disorders.

Risk Factors

  • The two most potent risk factors in the development of melanoma are light-colored skin and chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
  • Other Risk factors for the development of melanoma include:
  • Old age
  • Male gender
  • Family history of melanoma
  • Multiple benign or atypical nevi
  • Personal history of melanoma
  • Administration of immunosuppressive therapy
  • Sun sensitivity
  • Therapeutic agents
  • Prosalen
  • Ultraviolet A light therapy
  • Neonatal blue light phototherapy
  • Environmental chemical exposure
  • Polyvinyl chloride
  • Heavy metals
  • Pesticides
  • Hereditary diseases
  • Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome
  • Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation
  • Dysplastic nevus syndrome
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum

References

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