Melanoma causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

Melanoma may be caused by either sporadic genetic mutations (e.g. BRAF and/or N-RAS) or familial diseases.

Causes

Melanoma may be caused by either sporadic genetic mutations (e.g. BRAF and/or N-RAS) or familial diseases.

Sporadic Melanoma

• The majority of cases of melanoma are sporadic (90%).
• Melanoma is caused by multiple genetic mutations.
• The most common mutations that result in the development of melanoma are BRAF (approximately 50% of melanomas) and N-RAS (approximately 15% of melanomas).

Familial Melanoma

Melanoma may be caused by hereditary diseases (10%) and is associated with mutations of the CDKN2A gene:

• Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM syndrome)
• Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome