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| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} |
| {{Prostate cancer}} | | {{Prostate cancer}} |
| | ==Overview== |
| | There are no secondary preventive measures available for penile cancer. |
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| ==Secondary Prevention== | | ==Secondary Prevention== |
| ===Active Surveillance===
| | There are no secondary preventive measures available for penile cancer. |
| Active Surveillance refers to observation and regular monitoring without invasive treatment. Active surveillance is often used when an early stage, slow-growing prostate cancer is found in an older man. Conversely [[watchful waiting]] may also be suggested when the risks of surgery, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy outweigh the possible benefits. Other treatments can be started if symptoms develop, or if there are signs that the cancer growth is accelerating (e.g., rapidly rising PSA, increase in Gleason score on repeat biopsy, etc.). Most men who choose active surveillance for early stage tumors eventually have signs of tumor progression, and they may need to begin treatment within three years.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Wu| first=H| coauthors=Sun L, Moul JW, Wu HY, McLeod DG, Amling C, Lance R, Kusuda L, Donahue T, Foley J, Chung A, Sexton W, Soderdahl D| title=Watchful waiting and factors predictive of secondary treatment of localized prostate cancer| journal=J Urol| year=2004| month=March| volume=171| issue=3| pages=1111–6| pmid=14767282| doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000113300.74132.8b}}</ref> Although men who choose active surveillance avoid the risks of surgery and radiation, the risk of metastasis (spread of the cancer) may be increased.
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| For younger men, a trial of active surveillance may not mean avoiding treatment altogether, but may reasonably allow a delay of a few years or more, during which time the quality of life impact of active treatment can be avoided. Published data to date suggest that carefully selected men will not miss a window for cure with this approach. Additional health problems that develop with advancing age during the observation period can also make it harder to undergo surgery and radiation therapy.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| [[Category:Types of cancer]] | | [[Category:Types of cancer]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]] | | [[Category:Primary care]] |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
There are no secondary preventive measures available for penile cancer.
Secondary Prevention
There are no secondary preventive measures available for penile cancer.
References
Template:WH
Template:WS