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| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} |
| {{Prostate cancer}} | | {{Prostate cancer}} |
| | ==Overview== |
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| ==History and Symptoms== | | ==History and Symptoms== |
| | Common symptoms of prostate cancer include: |
| | * changes in bladder habits |
| | :* need to urinate often (frequency), especially at night |
| | :* intense need to urinate (urgency) |
| | :* difficulty in starting or stopping the urine flow |
| | :* inability to urinate |
| | :* weak or decreased urine stream |
| | :* interrupted urine stream |
| | :* a sense of incompletely emptying the bladder |
| | :* burning or pain during urination |
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| Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. Often it is diagnosed during the workup for an elevated [[prostate specific antigen|PSA]] noticed during a routine checkup. Sometimes, however, prostate cancer does cause symptoms, often similar to those of diseases such as [[benign prostatic hypertrophy]]. These include [[urinary frequency|frequent urination]], [[nocturia|increased urination at night]], difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, [[hematuria|blood in the urine]], and [[dysuria|painful urination]]. Prostate cancer is associated with urinary dysfunction as the prostate gland surrounds the [[prostatic urethra]]. Changes within the gland therefore directly affect urinary function. Because the [[vas deferens]] deposits seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra, and secretions from the prostate gland itself are included in [[semen]] content, prostate cancer may also cause problems with sexual function and performance, such as difficulty achieving [[erection]] or painful [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=Miller| first=DC| coauthors=Hafez, KS, Stewart, A, et al| title=Prostate carcinoma presentation, diagnosis, and staging: an update from the National Cancer Data Base| journal=Cancer| year=2003| volume=98| pages=1169| pmid=12973840| doi=10.1002/cncr.11635}}</ref>.
| | * blood in the urine or semen |
| | | * painful ejaculation |
| Advanced prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body and this may cause additional symptoms. The most common symptom is [[bone pain]], often in the [[vertebrae]] (bones of the spine), [[pelvis]] or [[rib]]s. Spread of cancer into other bones such as the [[femur]] is usually to the proximal part of the bone. Prostate cancer in the [[vertebral column|spine]] can also compress the [[spinal cord]] causing leg weakness,[[urinary incontinence]], and [[fecal incontinence]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=van der Cruijsen-Koeter| first=IW| coauthors=Vis AN, Roobol MJ, Wildhagen MF, de Koning HJ, van der Kwast TH, Schroder FH| title=Comparison of screen detected and clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, section rotterdam| journal=Urol| year=2005| month=July| volume=174| issue=1| pages=121–5| pmid=15947595| doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000162061.40533.0f}}</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
Common symptoms of prostate cancer include:
- changes in bladder habits
- need to urinate often (frequency), especially at night
- intense need to urinate (urgency)
- difficulty in starting or stopping the urine flow
- inability to urinate
- weak or decreased urine stream
- interrupted urine stream
- a sense of incompletely emptying the bladder
- burning or pain during urination
- blood in the urine or semen
- painful ejaculation
References
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