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{{Solitary pulmonary nodule}}
{{Solitary pulmonary nodule}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MV}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Not every round spot on a radiological image is a coin lesion: it should not be confused with the projection of a structure of the [[chest wall]] or [[skin]], such as a nipple, a healing [[rib fracture]] or [[electrocardiography|electrocardiographic]] monitoring.


The most important cause to exclude is a form of lung cancer, including rare forms such as primary pulmonary [[lymphoma]], [[carcinoid tumor]] and a solitary [[metastasis]] to the lung (common unrecognised primary tumor sites are [[melanoma]]s, [[sarcoma]]s or [[testicular cancer]]). Benign tumors in the lung include [[hamartoma]]s and [[chondroma]]s.
Common malignant causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:
*Primary lung cancer
:*[[Non-small cell lung cancer]]
:*[[Small cell lung cancer]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Carcinoid tumor]]  
*Solitary [[metastasis]]
*Pulmonary sarcoma


The most common benign coin lesion is a [[granuloma]] (inflammatory nodule), for example due to [[tuberculosis]] or a [[fungal infection]]. Other infectious causes include a pulmonary abscess, [[pneumonia]] (including [[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]]) or rarely [[Nocardia]]l infection or worm infection (such as dirofilariasis or dog heartworm infestation). Lung nodules can also occur in [[immune disorder]]s such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] or [[Wegener's granulomatosis]].
Common benign causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:


An SPN can be found to be an [[arteriovenous malformation]], a [[hematoma]] or an [[infarction]] zone. It may also be caused by [[bronchial atresia]], sequestration, an inhaled [[foreign body]] or [[pleural plaque]].
'''Inflammatory'''
*[[Granuloma]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Fungal infection]]
*[[Pulmonary abscess]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
:*[[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]]
:*[[Nocardia]]l infection
:*Parasite infection
'''Immunological'''
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
'''Vascular'''
*[[Arteriovenous malformation]]
*[[Hematoma]]  
*[[Infarction]] zone
'''Miscellaneous '''
*[[Pulmonary sequestration]]
*[[Foreign body]]  
*[[Pleural plaque]]
*[[Hamartoma]]


===Causes===
===Less Common Causes===
 
Less common causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include: (in alphabetical order) <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002: 306-307 ISBN 1591032016 </ref>   
In alphabetical order <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002: 306-307 ISBN 1591032016 </ref>   


*[[Amyloid]]
*[[Amyloid]]
*[[Arteriovenous malformation]]
*[[Aneurysm]] of the [[pulmonary artery]]
*[[Aneurysm]] of the [[pulmonary artery]]
*Benign tumors
*[[Breast cancer]]
*[[Breast Cancer]]
*[[Bronchial atresia]]
*[[Bronchial atresia]]
*[[Bronchial carcinomas]]
*[[Bronchogenic cyst]]
*[[Bronchogenic cyst]]
*[[Cancer]]s
*[[Cancer]]s
*[[Chondroma]]
*[[Chondroma]]
*[[Endometriosis]]
*[[Endometriosis]]
*[[Fungal infection]]s
*[[Gastric Cancer]]
*[[Gastric Cancer]]
*[[Granulomas]]
*[[Hamartoma]]
*[[Hemangioma]]
*[[Hemangioma]]
*[[Hypernephroma]]
*[[Hypernephroma]]
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*Localized scar
*Localized scar
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Metastases]]
*Mucoid impaction
*Mucoid impaction
*[[Multiple Myeloma]]
*[[Multiple myeloma]]
*[[Neurogenic tumor]]
*[[Neurogenic tumor]]
*[[Nocardia]]
*Parasites
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pulmonary infarction]]
*[[Pulmonary infarction]]
*[[Pulmonary sequestration]]
*[[Prostate cancer]]
*[[Prostate Cancer]]
*[[Rheumatoid nodule]]
*[[Rheumatoid nodule]]
*[[Sarcoma]]
*[[Sarcoma]]
*[[Seminoma]]
*[[Seminoma]]
*[[Thyroid Cancer]]
*[[Thyroid Cancer]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*Varicose [[pulmonary vein]]
*Varicose [[pulmonary vein]]



Revision as of 15:07, 15 March 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes

Common Causes

Common malignant causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:

  • Primary lung cancer

Common benign causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include:

Inflammatory

Immunological

Vascular

Miscellaneous

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include: (in alphabetical order) [1]

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002: 306-307 ISBN 1591032016

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