Vaginal cancer pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

Lesions characteristically arise from the posterior wall of the upper third of the vagina. The common patterns of disease are:

• an ulcerating or fungating mass or
• an annular constricting lesion

Histological subtypes

• squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina: by far the commonest accounts for ~80-85% of primary vaginal malignancies, presents in older individuals
• adenocarcinoma of the vagina: ~15% second commonest subtype, presents in younger individuals and arising from vaginal adenosis

• clear cell carcinoma of the vagina: rare, previous diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure

• primary vaginal melanoma
• vaginal sarcoma: rhabdomyosarcoma in paediatric population

• botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma