Bladder cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer include [[HRAS]] mutation | |||
== | * [[Retinoblastoma protein|Rb1]] mutation | ||
* [[PTEN]]/MMAC1 mutation | |||
* NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype | |||
* GSTM1 null phenotype | |||
==Pathogenesis== | |||
* Under normal conditions, the bladder, the lower part of the kidneys (the renal pelvises), the ureters, and the proximal urethra are lined with a specialized mucous membrane referred to as transitional epithelium (also called urothelium). | |||
* Most cancers that form in the bladder, the renal pelvises, the ureters, and the proximal urethra are transitional cell carcinomas (also called urothelial carcinomas) that derive from transitional epithelium. | |||
==Genetics== | |||
Genetic mutations: | |||
* [[HRAS]] mutation | |||
* [[Retinoblastoma protein|Rb1]] mutation | |||
* [[PTEN]]/MMAC1 mutation | |||
* NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype | |||
* GSTM1 null phenotype | |||
==Gross Pathology== | |||
Transitional cell carcinomas have 2 main growth patterns. Papillary urothelial carcinomas have slim finger-like projections that grow from the lining of the bladder into the bladder cavity. Flat urothelial carcinomas lay flat in the lining of the bladder. They grow deeper into the layers of the bladder wall rather than into the bladder cavity. | |||
==Microscopic Pathology== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:28, 1 October 2015
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Bladder cancer Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Bladder cancer pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bladder cancer pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bladder cancer pathophysiology |
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.
Overview
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer include HRAS mutation
Pathogenesis
- Under normal conditions, the bladder, the lower part of the kidneys (the renal pelvises), the ureters, and the proximal urethra are lined with a specialized mucous membrane referred to as transitional epithelium (also called urothelium).
- Most cancers that form in the bladder, the renal pelvises, the ureters, and the proximal urethra are transitional cell carcinomas (also called urothelial carcinomas) that derive from transitional epithelium.
Genetics
Genetic mutations:
Gross Pathology
Transitional cell carcinomas have 2 main growth patterns. Papillary urothelial carcinomas have slim finger-like projections that grow from the lining of the bladder into the bladder cavity. Flat urothelial carcinomas lay flat in the lining of the bladder. They grow deeper into the layers of the bladder wall rather than into the bladder cavity.