Hodgkin's lymphoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
On gross pathology, white-grey, uniform, and enlarged lymphnodes are characteristic findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, Reed-Sternberg cells, reactive cell infiltrate, and complete or partial effacement of the lymph node architecture are characteristic findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
'''Hodgkin's lymphoma''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PoFJ-OhE63UC&pg=PA97|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-47154-1|pages=97–}}</ref> also known as '''Hodgkin lymphoma''' or '''Hodgkin's disease''',<ref name=Lozano_2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, etal | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | oclc = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> is a type of [[lymphoma]], in which [[cancer]] originates from a specific type of [[white blood cell]]s called [[lymphocyte]]s. | '''Hodgkin's lymphoma''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PoFJ-OhE63UC&pg=PA97|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-47154-1|pages=97–}}</ref> also known as '''Hodgkin lymphoma''' or '''Hodgkin's disease''',<ref name=Lozano_2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, etal | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | oclc = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> is a type of [[lymphoma]], in which [[cancer]] originates from a specific type of [[white blood cell]]s called [[lymphocyte]]s. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
On gross pathology, white-grey, uniform, and enlarged lymphnodes are characteristic findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, Reed-Sternberg cells, reactive cell infiltrate, and complete or partial effacement of the lymph node architecture are characteristic findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Pathophysiology
Hodgkin's lymphoma,[1] also known as Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease,[2] is a type of lymphoma, in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Gross Pathology
Affected lymph nodes (most often, laterocervical lymph nodes) are enlarged, but their shape is preserved because the capsule is not invaded. Usually, the cut surface is white-grey and uniform; in some histological subtypes (e.g. nodular sclerosis) may appear a nodular aspect
Microscopic Pathology
Microscopic examination of the lymph node biopsy reveals complete or partial effacement of the lymph node architecture by scattered large malignant cells known as Reed-Sternberg cells (typical and variants) admixed within a reactive cell infiltrate composed of variable proportions of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. The Reed-Sternberg cells are identified as large often bi-nucleated cells with prominent nucleoli and an unusual CD45-, CD30+, CD15+/- immunophenotype. In approximately 50% of cases, the Reed-Sternberg cells are infected by the Epstein-Barr virus.
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![Reed-Sternberg Hodgkin's Lymphoma[3]](/images/a/a7/Reed-Sternberg_%28Hodgkin%27s_Lymphoma%29.jpg)
Reed-Sternberg Hodgkin's Lymphoma[3]
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Micrograph showing Hodgkin lymphoma (Field stain)
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Micrograph showing a "popcorn cell", the Reed–Sternberg cell variant seen in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. H&E stain
![Reed-Sternberg Hodgkin's Lymphoma[3]](/index.php/File:Reed-Sternberg_(Hodgkin%27s_Lymphoma).jpg)
| Type of cell | Characteristics | |
|---|---|---|
| Classic | ||
| Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC) | Include large size (20–50 micrometres), abundant, amphophilic, finely granular/homogeneous cytoplasm; two mirror-image nuclei (owl eyes) each with an eosinophilic nucleolus and a thick nuclear membrane (chromatin is distributed close to the nuclear membrane). | |
| Variants | ||
| Hodgkin cells | (Atypical mononuclear Reed-Sternberg cell) have the same characteristics as Reed-Sternberg cells (RSC), but is mononucleated. | |
| Lacunar Reed-Sternberg cells | Are large, with a single hyperlobulated nucleus, multiple, small nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm which is retracted around the nucleus, creating an empty space ("lacunae"). | |
| Pleomorphic Reed-Sternberg cells | Has multiple irregular nuclei. | |
| "Popcorn" Reed-Sternberg cells | (Lympho-histiocytic variant) is a small cell, with a very lobulated nucleus, small nucleoli. | |
| "Mummy" Reed-Sternberg cells | Has a compact nucleus with no nucleolus and basophilic cytoplasm. | |
References
- ↑ Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. Cambridge University Press. 1994. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-0-521-47154-1.
- ↑ Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (Dec 15, 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. OCLC 23245604.
- ↑ http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages