Hodgkin's lymphoma overview: Difference between revisions
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Staging=== | |||
According to the Lugano classification, there are four stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma based on the number of nodes and extranodal involvement. According to the Cotswold's modification of the original Ann arbor staging system, there are four stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma. | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
The most common symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma include [[fatigue]], [[fever]] and [[chills]], [[itching]], [[loss of appetite]], soaking [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]], and painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, or groin (swollen glands). Less common symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma include [[coughing]], [[chest pain]], or breathing problems if there are swollen lymph nodes in the chest, pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs due to swollen spleen or liver, pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol, skin blushing or [[flushing]], [[bone pain]], and [[leg swelling]]. | |||
===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
Common physical examination findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma include [[fever]], [[pruritus]], [[petechiae]], [[jaundice]], chest tenderness, [[wheeze]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[abdominal tenderness]], [[hepatomegaly]], [[splenomegaly]], [[fracture]], [[Lymphadenopathy|peripheral lymphadenopathy]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|central lymphadenopathy]]. | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | ===Laboratory Findings=== | ||
Laboratory tests for Hodgkin's lymphoma include [[complete blood count]] (CBC), blood chemistry studies, HIV blood test, [[immunohistochemistry]], [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], and [[immunophenotyping]]. | |||
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===Chest X Ray=== | ===Chest X Ray=== | ||
Revision as of 14:49, 11 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2], Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [3]
Overview
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized clinically by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another and by the development of systemic symptoms with advanced disease. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin's lymphoma was one of the first cancers to be cured by radiation. Later it was one of the first to be cured by combination chemotherapy. The cure rate is about 93%, making it one of the most curable forms of cancer.
Diagnosis
Staging
According to the Lugano classification, there are four stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma based on the number of nodes and extranodal involvement. According to the Cotswold's modification of the original Ann arbor staging system, there are four stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma include fatigue, fever and chills, itching, loss of appetite, soaking night sweats, weight loss, and painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, or groin (swollen glands). Less common symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma include coughing, chest pain, or breathing problems if there are swollen lymph nodes in the chest, pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs due to swollen spleen or liver, pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol, skin blushing or flushing, bone pain, and leg swelling.
Physical Examination
Common physical examination findings of Hodgkin's lymphoma include fever, pruritus, petechiae, jaundice, chest tenderness, wheeze, superior vena cava syndrome, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, fracture, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and central lymphadenopathy.
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory tests for Hodgkin's lymphoma include complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry studies, HIV blood test, immunohistochemistry, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and immunophenotyping.
Chest X Ray
The lymph nodes of the chest are often affected and these may be noticed on a chest x-ray.
Other Imaging Findings
Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to detect small deposits that do not show on CT scanning. In some cases Gallium Scan may be used instead of PET scan.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Hodgkin's lymphoma must be distinguished from non-cancerous causes of lymph node swelling (such as various infections) and from other types of cancer. Definitive diagnosis is by lymph node biopsy (removal of a piece of lymph node tissue for pathological examination).