Multiple myeloma classification: Difference between revisions

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==Classification==
==Classification==


In 2003, the International Myeloma Working Group agreed on diagnostic criteria for symptomatic myeloma, asymptomatic myeloma and [[monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance|MGUS]] (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance):
*Multiple myeloma is classified according to the extent of organ involvement into two subgroups:<ref name="pmid10357398">{{cite journal| author=Alexiou C, Kau RJ, Dietzfelbinger H, Kremer M, Spiess JC, Schratzenstaller B et al.| title=Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts. | journal=Cancer | year= 1999 | volume= 85 | issue= 11 | pages= 2305-14 | pmid=10357398 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10357398  }} </ref>
:#Medullary multiple myeloma
:#Extramedullary multiple myeloma


* Symptomatic myeloma:
*Multiple myeloma may be classified according to clinical presentaion into two subtgroups:<ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Diagnostic_criteria Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
*# Clonal plasma cells >10% on [[bone marrow]] [[biopsy]] or (in any quantity) in a biopsy from other tissues ([[plasmacytoma]])
:#Symptomatic multiple myeloma
*# A [[monoclonal]] protein ([[paraprotein]]) in either [[blood plasma|serum]] or [[urine]]
:#Asymptomatic multiple myeloma
*# Evidence of end-organ damage (''related organ or tissue impairment'', ROTI):
*#* [[Hypercalcemia]] (corrected calcium >2.75 mmol/L)
*#* [[Renal insufficiency]] attributable to myeloma
*#* [[Anemia]] (hemoglobin <10 g/dL)
*#* Bone [[lesions]] (lytic lesions or [[osteoporosis]] with compression fractures)
*#* Frequent severe [[infections]] (>2 a year)
*#* [[Amyloidosis]] of other organs
*#* [[Hyperviscosity syndrome]]
* Asymptomatic myeloma:
*# Serum paraprotein >30 g/L AND/OR
*# Clonal plasma cells >10% on bone marrow biopsy AND
*# NO myeloma-related organ or tissue impairment
* Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS):
*# Serum paraprotein <30 g/L AND/OR
*# Clonal plasma cells <10% on bone marrow biopsy AND
*# NO myeloma-related organ or tissue impairment
 
Related conditions include ''solitary [[plasmacytoma]]'' (a single tumor of plasma cells, typically treated with irradiation), ''plasma cell [[dyscrasia]]'' (where only the antibodies produce symptoms, e.g. AL [[amyloid|amyloidosis]]), and [[POEMS syndrome]] (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes).
Multiple myeloma is classified according to the site of involvement into:  
<ref name="pmid10357398">{{cite journal| author=Alexiou C, Kau RJ, Dietzfelbinger H, Kremer M, Spiess JC, Schratzenstaller B et al.| title=Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts. | journal=Cancer | year= 1999 | volume= 85 | issue= 11 | pages= 2305-14 | pmid=10357398 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10357398  }} </ref>
 
*Medullary multiple myeloma
*Extramedullary multiple myeloma


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:14, 21 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

  • Multiple myeloma may be classified into two subtypes based on the extent of malignant cell spread outside the bone marrow.

Classification

  • Multiple myeloma is classified according to the extent of organ involvement into two subgroups:[1]
  1. Medullary multiple myeloma
  2. Extramedullary multiple myeloma
  • Multiple myeloma may be classified according to clinical presentaion into two subtgroups:[2]
  1. Symptomatic multiple myeloma
  2. Asymptomatic multiple myeloma

References

  1. ↑ Alexiou C, Kau RJ, Dietzfelbinger H, Kremer M, Spiess JC, Schratzenstaller B; et al. (1999). "Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts". Cancer. 85 (11): 2305–14. PMID 10357398.
  2. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Diagnostic_criteria Accessed on September, 20th 2015


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