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*Detects any chromosomal mutations occurring in multiple myeloma such as chromosome 13 deletion or chromosome 14 translocation.<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
*Detects any chromosomal mutations occurring in multiple myeloma such as chromosome 13 deletion or chromosome 14 translocation.<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


;Karyotyping<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
;Karyotyping<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
:A sample of blood or liquid bone marrow (from a bone marrow aspiration) is examined under the microscope to look for changes in the chromosomes. Karyotyping can find large chromosomal changes like a missing chromosome.
:A sample of blood or liquid bone marrow (from a bone marrow aspiration) is examined under the microscope to look for changes in the chromosomes. Karyotyping can find large chromosomal changes like a missing chromosome.


;Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
;Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
:FISH is a specific molecular genetic method used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic changes in cells using special DNA probes labelled with fluorescent dyes. FISH can find small chromosomal changes like a rearranged chromosome.
:FISH is a specific molecular genetic method used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic changes in cells using special DNA probes labelled with fluorescent dyes. FISH can find small chromosomal changes like a rearranged chromosome.


Revision as of 17:46, 21 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A biopsy and genetic testing can be performed to confirm multiple myeloma diagnosis.[1]

Bone Marrow Biopsy

  • A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is a procedure in which a small amount of bone marrow and bone is removed for microscopic examination.[2]
  • It may be done in a clinic or hospital on an outpatient or in-patient basis.[3]
  • It is usually performed to estimate the percentage of bone marrow occupied by plasma cells.[4]
  • Examination of abnormal plasma in the bone marrow is the only way to confirm a diagnosis.[5]
  • The percentage of plasma cells is also used in the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma.[6]

Cytogenetic tests

  • Detects any chromosomal mutations occurring in multiple myeloma such as chromosome 13 deletion or chromosome 14 translocation.[7]>[8]
Karyotyping[9][10]
A sample of blood or liquid bone marrow (from a bone marrow aspiration) is examined under the microscope to look for changes in the chromosomes. Karyotyping can find large chromosomal changes like a missing chromosome.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)[11][12]
FISH is a specific molecular genetic method used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic changes in cells using special DNA probes labelled with fluorescent dyes. FISH can find small chromosomal changes like a rearranged chromosome.

References

  1. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  3. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  4. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  5. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  6. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  7. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  8. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015
  9. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  10. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015
  11. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  12. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015


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