Carcinoid syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Causes

• Occasionally, gastrointestinal carcinoids occur in association with inherited syndromes, such as MEN1 and NF1.

• Most carcinoids associated with MEN1 appear to be of foregut origin.
• NF1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by alteration of the NF1 gene at chromosome 17q11.
• Carcinoids in patients with NF1 appear to arise primarily in the periampullary region.

• In sporadic gastrointestinal carcinoids, numerous chromosomal imbalances have been found by comparative genome hybridization analysis. Gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17 (especially 17q), and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 (especially 11q) and 18 appear to be the most common.